Between January and June 2025, OHCHR documented 346 civilian deaths in the context of the conflict in North Kordofan.856 Between 16 November 2024 and 15 November 2025, the organisation documented 1 253 civilian casualties in the whole Kordofan region.857 Among the civilian casualties were cases of summary executions, such as in April 2025, when the SAF and its allied Al-Baraa Bin Malik Brigade reportedly executed 36 civilians in two villages in North Kordofan because of their alleged collaboration with the RSF.858 Between March 2025 and April 2026, AOAV recorded 600 casualties resulting from explosive weapons use in North Kordofan,859 with peaks in March 2025 (75 deaths and injuries),860 in May 2025 (189 deaths and injuries)861 and in February 2026 (113 deaths and injuries).862
Among the most significant security incidents affecting civilians were RSF attacks around El Obeid,863 among them an attack on Shaq Al-Nom village and several other villages in the Bara locality in July 2025, reportedly involving arson, looting and shootings.864 The UN Human Rights Office documented the killing of at least 60 civilians in Bara locality between 10 and 17 July 2025, while civil society groups reported a death count of up to 300 people.865 Following the RSF takeover of Bara in October 2025, the UN documented at least 269 civilian deaths resulting from air strikes, shelling and summary executions, with the actual casualty count presumed to be higher.866 By June 2026, ACLED reported that the fight for control of the state capital had switched from ground fighting to drone warfare, with 50 drone strikes resulting in over 110 fatalities, a 70 % increase of reported fatalities resulting from drones strikes compared to the previous month.867 ACLED observed that the security incidents it recorded in North Kordofan between 1 March 2025 and 31 August 2026 caused an estimated 4 180 fatalities.868
Figure 19: Fatalities as a result of armed conflict in North Kordofan, 1 March 2025 – 31 August 2026, based on ACLED data869
- 856
OHCHR, Human Rights Situation in the Sudan (1 January to 30 June 2025), 19 September 2025, url, p. 17
- 857
UN Human Rights Council, Situation of human rights in the Sudan – Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, A/HRC/61/24, 13 January 2026, url, para. 1; 9
- 858
UN Human Rights Council, Situation of human rights in the Sudan – Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, A/HRC/61/24, 13 January 2026, url, para. 46
- 859
EUAA analysis based on AOAV data. AOAV, Explosive Violence Monthly Reports, as of 31 August 2026, url
- 860
AOAV, Explosive Violence in March 2025, 10 April 2025, url
- 861
AOAV, Explosive Violence in May 2025, 10 June 2025, url
- 862
AOAV, Explosive Violence in February 2026, 10 March 2026, url
- 863
Al Jazeera, Sudan’s RSF kills about 300 people in North Kordofan, rights group says, 15 July 2025, url; Sudan Tribune, UN says at least 300 killed in ‘brutal’ attacks in Sudan’s Kordofan, 16 July 2025, url; Sudan War Monitor, RSF rampages through North Kordofan villages, killing hundreds, 17 July 2025, url
- 864
CIR, Attack on Shaq Al Noum, North Kordofan, 7 August 2025, url
- 865
OHCHR, Sudan: UN Human Rights Chief deplores killing of dozens of civilians in Kordofan, 17 July 2025, url
- 866
UN News, Sudan: Kordofan cannot become ‘another El Fasher,’ Türk warns, 4 December 2025, url
- 867
ACLED, Africa Overview: July 2026, 6 July 2026, url
- 868
EUAA analysis based on ACLED data. ACLED, Curated Data Files, Africa, data covering 1 March 2025 to 31 August 2026, as of 8 September 2026, url
- 869
EUAA analysis based on ACLED data. ACLED, Curated Data Files, Africa, data covering 1 March 2025 to 31 August 2026, as of 8 September 2026, url