2.1.5. Conflict-related infrastructure damage and other war impacts

As of May 2025, a returning The New Humanitarian (TNH) reporter described conflict-related destruction in his hometown Khartoum, including damaged buildings, wrecked vehicles, unexploded ordnance and destroyed markets. Returnees reportedly faced shortages of electricity, internet, food and functioning markets, prompting some to return to their places of displacement or relocate to comparatively better-serviced Omdurman. Al-Amarat was less severely affected than other parts of Khartoum, but basic services had not yet been restored.529

As of March 2026, lack of modern water, sewage and other infrastructure continued to impede recovery following conflict-related destruction.530 Despite official commitments to restore normal conditions in Khartoum, basic services and infrastructure remained severely disrupted, as of July 2026. Electricity was available at approximately one-third of pre-war capacity. Recovery was more visible in Omdurman, while Khartoum city and Bahri remained largely without reliable electricity and other essential services. Continued RSF drone attacks further impeded reconstruction. Students and businesses were urged to return despite damaged facilities, landmine contamination and limited access to electricity and other essential services.531

In May 2026, UNMAS reported that new minefields were identified in central Khartoum, including near a bridge rehabilitation site linking Omdurman and Bahri.532 Khartoum remained contaminated by improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and unexploded ordnance.533

As of August 2025, landmines were confirmed at several locations in Khartoum, including anti-personnel mines in Mogran and anti-vehicle mines in Omdurman and Bahri. The state was previously considered contaminated mainly by unexploded ordnance; the discovery of landmines indicated a more complex explosive-ordnance threat requiring specialised techniques and equipment.534 At Al-Mugran Park, deminers removed more than 12 000 explosive items from a 4.5-square-kilometre minefield discovered in July 2025. Despite wider clearance efforts, only a limited part of the capital has been inspected. Six additional minefields have been identified, and large areas remain unsafe.535

In September 2025, an RSF drone strike damaged critical energy infrastructure in Khartoum, including control systems, fuel lines and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) tanks at the Qarry 3 power station, as well as the Al-Merkhiyat power station north of Khartoum.536 In June 2026, the Soba and Bant electricity substations in Khartoum state were reportedly restored and reconnected to the national grid as part of ongoing reconstruction efforts.537

Between 1 March 2025 and 17 August 2026, Insecurity Insight recorded 19 attacks on health care in Khartoum, eight of which were reportedly perpetrated by the RSF and four by the SAF. The attacks resulted in the destruction of one health facility and damaged three more.538 Between 1 March 2025 and 31 May 2026, the organisation documented four attacks on a school and two on universities, five of which resulted in damage to or destruction of the infrastructure.539