In the current reference period (1 October 2025 to 31 May 2026), SNHR documented 586 conflict-related civilian fatalities across Syria. The highest numbers of civilian fatalities were recorded in January 2026, which saw a 28 % increase to 111 fatalities from 80, and February 2026 (96 fatalities). By contrast, the lowest numbers of civilian fatalities were seen towards the end of the reference period (55 in April and 44 in May 2026).376 During the overall period from December 2024 to May 2026, SNHR recorded a total of 4 201 civilian casualties, with significant peaks recorded in March 2025 and July 2025.377 This distribution of civilian fatalities reflected the large-scale sectarian killings on the coast in March 2025 and the heavy clashes in Sweida involving Druze and Bedouins in July 2025.378 By comparison, the UN Commission of Inquiry (UNCOI) estimated that over 3 500 people of unspecified profile had been killed between December 2024 and January 2026, mostly during large-scale waves of violence in March and July 2025.379 Civilian casualties since December 2024 further resulted from Israeli military operations and in the context of fighting between the SDF and the former SNA in the north and northeast.380
Figure 3: Evolution of civilian fatalities countrywide per month, based on SNHR data381
Governorate-wise, the highest numbers of civilian fatalities in the current reference period were recorded in Aleppo (106), Homs (90), Hama (85) and Idlib (67), while the lowest were seen in Quneitra (1), Damascus (4), Hasaka (5), Tartous (5) and Latakia (13). Between the fourth quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2026, civilian fatalities notably increased in Aleppo (from 27 to 75) and Raqqa (from 4 to 38), while numbers sharply declined in Rural Damascus (from 31 to 7) and Hama (39 to 26).382 Meanwhile, looking at the entire period from December 2024 to May 2026, it was the coastal governorates of Latakia and Tartous, as well as Sweida, Aleppo and Hama, that saw the highest numbers of civilian deaths, while the fewest were recorded in Quneitra, Hasaka, Damascus and Rural Damascus.383
| Governorate | Oct 2025 | Nov 2025 | Dec 2025 | Jan 2026 | Feb 2026 | Mar 2026 | Apr 2026 | May 2026 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hasaka | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 5 |
| Aleppo | 13 | 5 | 9 | 30 | 27 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 106 |
| Raqqa | 0 | 1 | 3 | 26 | 9 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 50 |
| Sweida | 8 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 42 |
| Damascus | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Dar'a | 7 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 34 |
| Deir Ez-Zor | 5 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 9 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 40 |
| Hama | 10 | 15 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 85 |
| Homs | 10 | 12 | 8 | 16 | 13 | 10 | 15 | 6 | 90 |
| Idlib | 6 | 10 | 5 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 13 | 67 |
| Latakia | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 13 |
| Quneitra | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Rural Damascus | 4 | 11 | 16 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 44 |
| Tartous | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| Total | 66 | 73 | 80 | 111 | 96 | 61 | 55 | 44 | 586 |
Figure 4: Number of civilian fatalities per government and month between October 2025 and May 2026, based on SNHR data384
| Governorate | Dec 2024 | Jan 2025 | Feb 2025 | Mar 2025 | Apr 2025 | May 2025 | Jun 2025 | Jul 2025 | Aug 2025 | Sep 2025 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hasaka | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 12 |
| Aleppo | 234 | 83 | 52 | 29 | 21 | 25 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 465 |
| Raqqa | 16 | 3 | 10 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 53 |
| Sweida | 9 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 7 | 372385 | 0 | 0 | 420 |
| Damascus | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 25 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 44 |
| Dar'a | 20 | 12 | 7 | 39 | 32 | 8 | 21 | 3 | 8 | 18 | 168 |
| Deir Ez-Zor | 14 | 23 | 33 | 23 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 132 |
| Hama | 74 | 39 | 36 | 153 | 15 | 19 | 25 | 21 | 19 | 22 | 423 |
| Homs | 39 | 13 | 32 | 48 | 47 | 24 | 22 | 18 | 27 | 8 | 278 |
| Idlib | 85 | 20 | 21 | 17 | 21 | 6 | 4 | 13 | 11 | 5 | 203 |
| Latakia | 6 | 20 | 11 | 561 | 9 | 24 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 652 |
| Quneitra | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Rural Damascus | 4 | 5 | 4 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 53 |
| Tartous | 0 | 3 | 8 | 338 | 8 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 371 |
| Total | 503 | 236 | 222 | 1562386 | 174 | 157 | 140 | 460 | 91 | 70 | 3615 |
Figure 5: Number of civilian fatalities per government and month between December 2024 and September 2025, based on SNHR data387
During the current reference period up until the end of March 2026 for which specific data on involvement armed actors in civilian deaths is available, the highest numbers of civilian fatalities were attributed to unidentified actors (339 civilian fatalities) and the SDF (71). The government forces were attributed 16 civilian fatalities, while another 14 were attributed to Israeli forces. Looking at the overall period from December 2024 to March 2026, unidentified actors were likewise attributed the largest number of civilian fatalities. However, government and government-aligned actors ranked second (due to their implication in numerous killings of civilians in March 2025), followed by Assadist remnants (also linked to significant numbers of civilian deaths in December 2024 and March 2025), and the SDF, whose deadly attacks on civilians peaked in December 2024/January 2025 and then again in early 2026.388
Further analysis of SNHR data on civilian casualties at the governorate level can be found in the respective sub-sections of section 2. Security situation and conflict impact on civilians by governorate.
- 376
SNHR, data covering from 1 October 2025 to 31 May 2026 provided by courtesy of SNHR in an email, 1 June 2026
- 377
SNHR, data covering from 1 October 2025 to 31 May 2026 provided by courtesy of SNHR in an email, 1 June 2026; SNHR, The Death of 3666 Individuals Including 328 Children and 312 Women, and 32 Deaths due to Torture Recorded in the year 2025 in Syria, 1 January 2026, url, p. 3; EUAA, Syria – Major human rights, security, and socio-economic developments [Q33-2025], 1 October 2025, url, p. 24; EUAA, Syria – Country Focus, July 2025, url, pp. 98-99; SNHR, 1,562 Deaths, Including 102 Children and 99 Women, as well as 33 Medical Personnel, Recorded in March 2025 in Syria, 9 April 2025, url, p. 9
- 378
UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, A/HRC/61/62, 12 March 2026, url, para. 37-38; International Crisis Group, Restoring Security in Post-Assad Syria: Lessons from the Coast and Suweida, 26 November 2025, url, pp. 18-22, 25-27
- 379
UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, A/HRC/61/62, 12 March 2026, url, p. 27
- 380
UN Human Rights Council, Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic, A/HRC/61/62, 12 March 2026, url, para. 82, 88-89, 91-92
- 381
SNHR, data covering from 1 October 2025 to 31 May 2026 provided by courtesy of SNHR in an email, 1 June 2026; SNHR, The Death of 3666 Individuals Including 328 Children and 312 Women, and 32 Deaths due to Torture Recorded in the year 2025 in Syria, 1 January 2026, url, p. 3; EUAA, Syria – Major human rights, security, and socio-economic developments [Q33-2025], 1 October 2025, url, p. 24; EUAA, Syria – Country Focus, July 2025, url, pp. 98-99; SNHR, 1,562 Deaths, Including 102 Children and 99 Women, as well as 33 Medical Personnel, Recorded in March 2025 in Syria, 9 April 2025, url, p. 9
- 382
SNHR, data covering from 1 October 2025 to 31 May 2026 provided by courtesy of SNHR in an email, 1 June 2026
- 383
SNHR, data covering from 1 October 2025 to 31 May 2026 provided by courtesy of SNHR in an email, 1 June 2026; EUAA, Syria – Major human rights, security, and socio-economic developments [Q33-2025], 1 October 2025, url, p. 24; EUAA, Syria – Country Focus, July 2025, url, pp. 98-99
- 384
SNHR, data covering from 1 October 2025 to 31 May 2026 provided by courtesy of SNHR in an email, 1 June 2026; SNHR, The Death of 3666 Individuals Including 328 Children and 312 Women, and 32 Deaths due to Torture Recorded in the year 2025 in Syria, 1 January 2026, url, p. 3; EUAA, Syria – Major human rights, security, and socio-economic developments [Q33-2025], 1 October 2025, url, p. 24; EUAA, Syria – Country Focus, July 2025, url, pp. 98-99; SNHR, 1,562 Deaths, Including 102 Children and 99 Women, as well as 33 Medical Personnel, Recorded in March 2025 in Syria, 9 April 2025, url, p. 9
- 385
See section 2.13.5. Civilian casualties for further information on the Sweida numbers.
- 386
SNHR noted that 339 victims died in unidentified locations. SNHR, 1,562 Deaths, Including 102 Children and 99 Women, as well as 33 Medical Personnel, Recorded in March 2025 in Syria, 9 April 2025, url, p. 9
- 387
SNHR, data covering from 1 October 2025 to 31 May 2026 provided by courtesy of SNHR in an email, 1 June 2026; SNHR, The Death of 3666 Individuals Including 328 Children and 312 Women, and 32 Deaths due to Torture Recorded in the year 2025 in Syria, 1 January 2026, url, p. 3; EUAA, Syria – Major human rights, security, and socio-economic developments [Q33-2025], 1 October 2025, url, p. 24; EUAA, Syria – Country Focus, July 2025, url, pp. 98-99; SNHR, 1,562 Deaths, Including 102 Children and 99 Women, as well as 33 Medical Personnel, Recorded in March 2025 in Syria, 9 April 2025, url, p. 9
- 388
EUAA analysis based on SNHR reports: SNHR, The Killing of 268 Civilians in the First Quarter of 2026 in Syria, including 43 Children, 27 Women, and 1 person due to torture was Documented, 1 April 2026, url, p. 4; SNHR, The Death of 3666 Individuals Including 328 Children and 312 Women, and 32 Deaths due to Torture Recorded in the year 2025 in Syria, 1 January 2026, url, pp. 8-9; SNHR, The Death of 73 Civilians Including 12 Children and Six Women, and Two Deaths due to Torture Recorded in November 2025, 1 December 2025, url, pp. 2-3; SNHR, The Death of 66 Civilians Including Nine Children and Seven Women, and Three Deaths due to Torture Recorded in October 2025, 1 November 2025, url, pp. 2-3; SNHR, The Death of 70 Civilians Including Seven Children and Three Women, and Three Deaths due to Torture Recorded in September 2025 in Syria, 1 October 2025, url, pp. 2-3; SNHR, The Death of 91 Civilians Including 18 Children and Five Women, and Four Deaths due to Torture Recorded August 2025 in Syria, 1 September 2025, url, p. 2; SNHR, The Death of 89 Civilians Including 13 Children and 10 Women, and One Death due to Torture Recorded July 2025 in Syria, 1 August 2025, url, p. 2; SNHR, The Death of 2818 Civilian Including 201 Children and 194 Women, and 17 Deaths due to Torture Recorded in the First Half of 2025, 3 July 2025, url, p. 6; SNHR, The Death of 157 Civilian Including 20 Children and 11 Women, and One Death due to Torture Recorded in May 2025, 1 June 2025, url, p. 3; SNHR, The Death of 174 Civilian Including 23 Children and 13 Women, and 5 Deaths due to Torture Recorded in April 2025 in Syria, 2 May 2025, url, p. 3; SNHR, 1,562 Deaths, Including 102 Children and 99 Women, as well as 33 Medical Personnel, Recorded in March 2025 in Syria, 9 April 2025, url, p. 9; SNHR, 222 Civilian Deaths, Including 17 Children and 37 Women, as well as Nine Deaths due to Torture, Recorded in February 2025 in Syria, 1 March 2025, url, pp. 8-9; SNHR, 236 Civilian Deaths, Including 32 Children and 18 Women, as well as One Woman’s Death due to Torture, Documented in Syria in January 2025, 21 Civilians Were Killed by SDF, 1 February 2025, url, p. 7; SNHR, 1,264 Civilian Deaths, Including 242 Children and 118 Women, as well as 86 Deaths due to Torture, Documented in Syria in 2024, 2 January 2025, url, p. 9