Country overviews
The following section presents a summary of major developments in international protection and statistical trends in 2025 by country.
For more information on national developments, please consult the National Asylum Developments Database. Updates can searched by country, topic, year and type of development.
The key indicators for 2025 are based on EUAA EPS monthly data provided by EU+ countries (except Iceland and Liechtenstein) through their ministries and national administrations, in the framework of the EUAA Regulation, Articles 5 and 6. EPS data was extracted on 3 February 2026 and may have been subsequently updated. The data are provisional and unvalidated, and therefore may differ from validated data submitted to Eurostat, in line with Regulation (EU) 2020/851 amending Regulation (EC) 862/2007.
Asylum applications include both first-time applications and repeated applications.
The recognition rate includes EU-regulated forms of protection (refugee status and subsidiary protection) and excludes national protection forms (for example based on humanitarian reasons, etc.). It is calculated by dividing the number of positive first instance decisions (granting refugee status or subsidiary protection) by the total number of decisions issued. Negative decisions comprise both rejections and decisions not granting
EU-regulated forms of protection (refugee status and subsidiary protection).
When considering the number of applications for international protection in EU+ countries, it is important to consider the number of displaced persons from Ukraine under the Temporary Protection Directive who are hosted in each country. Both indicators can highlight the amount of pressure on national systems and workloads (see Figures 16 and 17).
Asylum applications include both first-time applications and repeated applications.
The recognition rate includes EU-regulated forms of protection (refugee status and subsidiary protection) and excludes national protection forms (for example based on humanitarian reasons, etc.). It is calculated by dividing the number of positive first instance decisions (granting refugee status or subsidiary protection) by the total number of decisions issued. Negative decisions comprise both rejections and decisions not granting
EU-regulated forms of protection (refugee status and subsidiary protection).
The key indicators for 2025 are based on EUAA EPS monthly data provided by EU+ countries (except Iceland and Liechtenstein) through their ministries and national administrations, in the framework of the EUAA Regulation, Articles 5 and 6. EPS data was extracted on 3 February 2026 and may have been subsequently updated. The data are provisional and unvalidated, and therefore may differ from validated data submitted to Eurostat, in line with Regulation (EU) 2020/851 amending Regulation (EC) 862/2007.
Figure 16. Asylum applications by EU+ country, 2025
Figure 17. Decisions granting temporary protection by EU+ country, 2025
