Oral sources, including anonymous sources
Bassam Alahmad, online interview with EUAA, 5 & 27 May 2026. Bassam Alahmad is the co-founder and executive director of Syrians for Truth and Justice (STJ), a nongovernmental organisation founded in 2016, and based in Strasbourg, France, which takes an inclusive approach to documenting human rights violations across Syria and trains activists on human rights data collection, data verification, and civic engagement strategies. Alahmad previously worked for the Violations Documentations Center (VDC), documenting crimes and human rights violations in Syria, until the Damascus-based organisation was forcibly closed, with its members jailed or forced into exile. He has consulted for various international human rights organisations and Syrian media outlets, and authored several reports.
Haid Haid, online interview with EUAA, 28 April 2026. Dr. Haid Haid is a Syrian columnist and a Senior Non-Resident Fellow at the Arab Reform Initiative. He is also a Consulting Research Fellow at Chatham House’s Middle East and North Africa Programme. Dr. Haid’s main research interests include security policies, governance, conflict resolution, and non-state actors.
Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), email correspondence with EUAA, 26 May 2026. The Syrian Network for Human Rights is a non-profit human rights organisation founded in 2011 which works on documenting human rights violations in Syria. For more information about SNHR, please visit: url
Wladimir van Wilgenburg, telephone interview with EUAA, 27 April 2026. Wladimir van Wilgenburg is a journalist and analyst specialised in Kurdish affairs. He co-authored two books on the Kurds of Syria and has contributed with research and analysis to several think tanks, including the Carnegie Endowment, the Atlantic Council, the Jamestown Foundation, and The Washington Institute for Near East Policy.