Annex 2: Terms of Reference

Reference period: 22 March 2025 – 30 April 2026

Estimated length: 60 pages (excluding introduction, maps and bibliography)

Country overview

This section provides a general update on the main structures of the state the administration of justice and the situation of human rights at country level.

System of government

Political situation

Rule of law and administration of justice

Human rights

• Extrajudicial killings

• Arbitrary arrests and detention

• Enforced disappearances

• Treatment in detention and prison conditions

• Torture and physical abuse

• Sexual violence and conflict-related sexual violence

• Death penalty

• Freedom of expression

• Treatment of specific profiles and groups of the population

The research should cover the following profiles:

• Political party members and other perceived opponents

• Resistance committees

• Community leaders, lawyers and human rights activists

• Aid workers

• Healthcare personnel

General overview of conflict-related ethnic targeting in Sudan, including:

• Non-Arab/African in Darfur

• Nuba in South Kordofan

• Other groups (e.g. Kanabi in Al Jazirah etc.)

General overview of the situation of women and girls in Sudan, including:

• Sexual violence and conflict-related sexual violence

• Forced/early marriage and conflict-related forced/early marriage

• Trafficking in human beings

• Female genital mutilation (FGM)

General overview of the situation of children in Sudan, including:

• Child soldiers

• Labour exploitation

• Trafficking in human beings

Key socio-economic indicators

Information should include general trends at country level with a focus on Khartoum.

• Socio-economic situation

  • Employment

  • Poverty

  • Food security

  • Housing and living conditions

  • Education

  • Health care

  • Availability of state support mechanism for individuals without social network

• Mobility and flight connections