COMMON ANALYSIS
Last update: October 2026
The analysis below is based on the following EUAA COI products: COI Update 2026, 6., 7.; Country Focus 2026, 3.1., 3.2., 3.3., 4.1., 4.1.2., 4.2.1., 4.2.2.; Country Guidance should not be referred to as a source of COI.
For information on the different State and non-state actors in Pakistan, see 3. Actors of persecution or serious harm.
Armed conflicts in the territory of Pakistan:
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Armed conflict between Pakistani security forces and Islamist militant groups: the armed conflict between Islamist militant groups, including TTP, HGB, and ISKP, and state forces mainly takes place in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, although the conflict also affects the Balochistan province to a lesser extent.
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Armed conflict between Pakistani security forces and Baloch separatist groups: Baloch militants are mainly active in Balochistan, particularly in the central, southern, and southwestern regions, as well as in the southern and tribal districts of KP.
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Armed conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan: a rise of cross-border clashes has been reported involving militants and Pakistani forces. Pakistan also conducted airstrikes on several targets in Afghanistan.
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Armed conflict between Pakistan and India: ongoing tensions along the Line of Control led to exchanges of fire in May 2025 over the course of a brief military escalation between Pakistan and India. A ceasefire was brokered in mid-May 2025 and has remained in place.
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Armed conflict between different Islamist groups: TTP and HGB are engaged in intense tribal rivalries.
Pakistan is currently affected by multiple armed conflicts, in the meaning of Article 15(c) QR. These conflicts affect different areas in Pakistan at different degrees. See more under 5.3.3. Indiscriminate violence.