| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| AGC | Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia (Gaitanista Self‑Defense Forces of Colombia), also known as the Gulf Clan or Urabeños |
|
CEAS |
Common European Asylum System |
| CECOT | Centro de Confinamiento del Terrorismo (Terrorism Confinement Centre), in El Salvador |
| CEPAL | Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean) |
| CGR | Contraloría General de la República (Office of the General Comptroller) |
| CICPC | Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas (Scientific, Penal and Criminalistic Investigation Service Corps) |
| CLAP | Comités Locales de Abastecimiento y Producción (Local Committees of Supply and Production) |
| CNCC | Cuerpo Nacional Contra la Corrupción (National Anti-Corruption Corps) |
| CNE | Consejo Nacional Electoral (National Electoral Council) |
| colectivos | pro‑government paramilitary organisations accused of carrying out widespread abuses, often in coordination with state security forces, against protesters and political dissidents (2.2.1.) |
| CONAS | Comando Nacional Antiextorsión y Secuestro (Kidnapping and Anti-extortion National Command) |
| CONATEL | Comisión Nacional de Telecomunicaciones (National Telecommunications Commission) |
| DAET | Dirección de Acciones Estratégicas y Tácticas (Directorate of Strategic and Tactical Actions) |
| DGCIM | Dirección General de Contrainteligencia Militar (General Directorate of Military Counterintelligence) |
|
Dublin III regulation |
Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a stateless person (recast) |
| ELN | Ejército Nacional de Liberación (National Liberation Army) |
| EMC | Estado Mayor Central (Central General Command) |
|
EU |
European Union |
|
EU+ countries |
Member States of the European Union and associated countries |
| FBL | Fuerzas Bolivarianas de Liberación (Bolivarian Liberation Forces) |
| Escuderos | Protection for the Tren de Aragua leaders |
| FAES | Fuerzas de Acciones Especiales (Special Action Force) |
| FARC dissidents | Dissidents of the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia- Ejército del Pueblo (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-People’s Army) |
| FMV | Federación Médica Venezolana (Venezuelan Medical Federation) |
| FPLN | Fuerzas Patrióticas de Liberación Nacional or boliches (Patriotic Forces of National Liberation) |
| FTO | Foreign Terrorist Organizations (US-designation) |
| gariteros | Those responsible for surveillance in Tren de Aragua |
| GNB | Guardia Nacional Bolivariana (Bolivarian National Guard) |
| GPPBB | Gran Polo Patriótico Simón Bolívar (Simón Bolívar Great Patriotic Pole) |
| IACHR | Inter-American Commission on Human Rights |
| ICJ | International Commission of Jurists |
| IISS | International Institute for Strategic Studies |
| impuesto de guerra | Also called matraca, colaboraciones – ‘war tax’ |
| INE | Instituto Nacional de Estadística (National Statistics Institute) |
| IOM | International Organization for Migration |
| Megabandas | Large, heavily armed criminal organisations typically comprising between 100 and 1 000 members (2.2.2) |
|
Member States |
Member States of the European Union |
| Minerven | Compañía General de Minería de Venezuela (Mining Company of Venezuela) |
| MUD | Mesa de la Unidad Democrática (Democratic Unity Roundtable) |
| OAS | Organization of American States |
| OCC | Observatorio Ciudadano de Corrupción (Citizens' Observatory of Corruption) |
| OHCHR | Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |
| ONCDFT | Oficina Nacional Contra la Delincuencia Organizada y Financiamiento al Terrorismo (National Office Against Organized Crime and Financing of Terrorism) |
| OVCS | Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social (Venezuelan Observatory of Social Conflict) |
| OVF | Observatorio Venezolano de Finanzas (Venezuelan Finance Observatory) |
| OVP | Observatorio Venezolano de Prisiones (Venezuelan Observatory of Prisons) |
| OVV | Observatorio Venezolano de Violencia (Venezuelan Observatory of Violence) |
| patriotas cooperantes | Cooperating patriots |
| PCC | Primeiro Comando da Capital |
| PCV | Partido Comunista de Venezuela (Communist Party of Venezuela) |
| PDVSA | Petróleos de Venezuela (Petroleum of Venezuela) |
| PNB | Policía Nacional Bolivariana (Bolivarian National Police) |
| Pran, pranes and pranato | The term pran (pranes in plural) refers to a type of criminal gang that originated within Venezuela's penitentiary system. Pranato is the criminal system dominated by pranes. Pran can also refer to the individual leader or leaders of a pran (the type of criminal gang). |
| PROVEA | Programa Venezolano de Educación Acción en Derechos Humanos (Venezuelan Program of Education and Actions for Human Rights) |
| PSUV | Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela (United Socialist Party of Venezuela) |
| PUD | Plataforma Unitaria Democrática (Democratic Unitary Platform) |
|
RCD (recast) |
Reception conditions directive — Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection (recast) |
|
Refugee Convention |
The 1951 Convention relating to the status of refugees and its 1967 Protocol (referred to in EU asylum legislation and by the CJEU as ‘the Geneva Convention’) |
| Salvoconducto | Letter-of-safe-passage |
| SEBIN | Servicio Bolivariano de Inteligencia Nacional (Bolivarian National Intelligence Service) |
| Sindicatos | Originated as construction‑sector unions but have since evolved into powerful armed groups that now control illegal mining operations (2.2.3) |
| Sistemas | Criminal organisations dominating illegal mining in states such as Bolívar. They were reportedly referred to as pranes or sindicatos. These structures, some comprising 'hundreds' of members, engage in extortion of mined gold, illegal mining, fuel and drug trafficking, sexual exploitation, and widespread extortion of local businesses (2.2.3) |
| SNTP | Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Prensa (National Union of Press Workers) |
| TSJ | Tribunal Supremo de Justicia (Supreme Justice Tribunal) |
| UNFFMV | UN Fact‑Finding Mission on Venezuela |
|
UNHCR |
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |
| UNT | Un Nuevo Tiempo (A New Era) |
| WJP | World Justice Project |
