1.7.2. CCTV

Sources indicated that state surveillance and monitoring through CCTV remained 'systematic', supported by advanced facial‑recognition and license‑plate‑detection systems, partly enabled by Chinese technical assistance.340 Belarus also reportedly supplied software capable of detecting license plates, individuals carrying firearms or knives, abandoned objects, smoke, gatherings, and performing facial recognition and transit monitoring.341

The national 911 emergency system, which integrates extensive CCTV networks, was reportedly used to identify and locate dissidents, demonstrators, and opposition members.342 According to the Ministry of the Interior, more than 7 000 cameras were operational in December 2025, a 78.6 % increase compared to June 2025.343 CCTV feeds from private spaces such as malls and residential complexes were allegedly incorporated into the 911 network, and the Ministry of Health announced plans to install cameras inside hospitals to monitor patients and healthcare staff and prevent alleged 'acts of sabotage' by the opposition.344 The mayor of Chacao, Caracas, Miranda state, stated that the municipality, covering 13 square kilometres with a population density of 3 inhabitants per square kilometre, had more than 310 cameras equipped for facial recognition and license‑plate detection, with the capacity to identify '"irregular events"' such as demonstrations.345 Sources consulted by DFRLab indicated that CCTV systems are reportedly disabled during police operations.346