Home Venezuela: Country Focus Annex 2: Terms of Reference Freedom of movement Table of contents Table of Contents Acknowledgements Disclaimer Glossary and abbreviations Introduction Methodology Defining the terms of reference Collecting information Research challenges Quality control Structure and use of the report Maps 1. Country overview 1.1. Population 1.2. Economy 1.2.1. Infrastructure 1.3. Political landscape 1.3.1. Branches of Power 1.3.2. Political factions and opposition 1.3.3. Presidential elections of 2024 1.3.4. Government corruption 1.4. Legislation 1.4.1. Amnesty Law 1.5. Judicial system 1.5.1. Detention conditions 1.6. State security forces 1.7. Monitoring mechanisms 1.7.1. Applications 1.7.2. CCTV 1.7.3. Telecommunications and cybersurveillance 1.8. Aftermath of US intervention 2. Security situation 2.1. Armed groups 2.1.1. Colectivos 2.1.2. Megabandas 2.1.3. Pranes, sindicatos and sistemas 2.1.4. ELN 2.1.5. FARC Dissidents 2.1.6. Colombian paramilitary successor groups 2.1.7. Other groups 2.2. Security issues 2.3. Security situation at the border 2.4. State response 3. Profiles 3.1. Political opponents and activists, and human rights defenders 3.2. Current and former government employees who support the opposition 3.3. Deserters and draft evaders from military service 3.4. Journalists 3.5. LGBTIQ+ 4. Freedom of movement 4.1. Treatment of persons returning from abroad 4.2. Internal mobility Annex 1: Bibliography Oral sources, including anonymous sources Public sources Annex 2: Terms of Reference Reference period: 1 October 2023 – 30 April 2026 Overview Security situation Targeted profiles Freedom of movement Citation Please cite as: EUAA, 'Freedom of movement' in Venezuela: Country Focus, July 2026. Copy Print Treatment of persons returning from abroad Internal mobility Book traversal links for Venezuela: Country Focus Previous Parent
