Sources
As per EUAA COI research principles,3 a range of different published documentary sources have been consulted. The information results mainly from desk research of public specialised paper-based, and electronic sources. These include:
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reports produced by various United Nations (UN) bodies;
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reports produced by other international and non-governmental organisations active in the field of human rights, conflict and security situation;
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reports produced by EU and governmental organisations;
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reports produced by foundations, and advocacy organisations;
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academic publications, investigative articles and think tank reports;
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reports from international, regional and local media sources in English;
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reports and datasets by organisations specialised in specific topics or profiles, such as security and conflict monitoring;
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reports produced by local and grassroot organisations.
In addition, oral sources were interviewed, including scholars, international experts, government officials, and NGO representatives working on the ground in Nigeria. Some interviewees requested anonymity for security and operational reasons. All sources were assessed for their background, publication history, reputability, and current ground-level expertise. The interviews were conducted between July and September 2025, and all oral sources are described in Annex 1: Bibliography.