Syria Justice and Accountability Centre, online interview with EUAA, 11 June 2025. The Syria Justice and Accountability Centre (SJAC) is a human rights organisation working for meaningful justice and accountability for Syria that holds perpetrators accountable and addresses grievances, leading to lasting peace. SJAC collects and documents violations of human rights and international humanitarian law with the aim of facilitating current and future justice and accountability efforts. For more information about SJAC, please visit: url
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SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Dr. Hassan Issa was abducted by unknown gunmen near the village of Ma’araba in Rif Dimashq Governorate on May 13, 2025, 23 May 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/05/23/dr-hassan-issa-was-abducted-by-unknown-gunmen-near-the-village-of-maaraba-in-rif-dimashq-governorate-on-may-13-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
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SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Four civilians, including two women, injured in an Israeli occupation airstrike on Mashrou Dummar in Damascus, March 13, 2025, 15 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/15/four-civilians-including-two-women-injured-in-an-israeli-occupation-airstrike-on-mashrou-dummar-in-damascus-march-13-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Girl named Rusela Mohammad Qawwas abducted by SDF in Aleppo, March 27, 2025, 29 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/29/girl-named-rusela-mohammad-qawwas-abducted-by-sdf-in-aleppo-march-27-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Girl named Sham al-Hmadi killed by a landmine in E. Idlib, April 3, 2025, 4 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/04/girl-named-sham-al-hmadi-killed-by-a-landmien-in-e-idlib-april-3-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Israeli occupation forces conduct three incursions in Quneitra governorate over three days, 24 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/24/israeli-occupation-forces-conduct-three-incursions-in-quneitra-governorate-over-three-days/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Man injured by a landmine of unidentified source in E. Idlib, March 3, 2025, 4 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/04/man-injured-by-a-landmine-of-unidentified-source-in-e-idlib-march-3-2025/SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Man injured by the explosion of a shell in S. Idlib, March 3, 2025, 4 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/04/man-injured-by-the-explosion-of-a-shell-in-s-idlib-march-3-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Man named Mohammad al-Zahran killed by a landmine of unidentified source in S. Idlib, March 8, 2025, 10 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/10/man-named-mohammad-al-zahran-killed-by-a-landmine-of-unidentified-source-in-s-idlib-march-8-2025/, accessed 3 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Man named Wael Shamma fatally shot by unidentified gunmen in Aleppo, April 29, 2025, 1 May 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/05/01/man-named-wael-shamma-fatally-shot-by-unidentified-gunmen-in-aleppo-april-29-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
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SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Multiple dead bodies found in S. Rural Damascus, March 7, 2025, 9 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/09/multiple-dead-bodies-found-in-s-rural-damascus-march-7-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), No Fewer than 20 Civilians Extrajudicial Killed in Homs City Between April 23-28, 2025, 30 April 2025, https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/S250405E.pdf, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), No Fewer than 20 Civilians Extrajudicial Killed in Homs City Between April 23-28, 2025, 30 April 2025, https://snhr.org/blog/2025/04/30/no-fewer-than-20-civilians-extrajudicial-killed-in-homs-city-between-april-23-28-2025/, accessed 3 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Preliminary Report on the Violations that Took Place in the Wake of the Attacks Carried Out by Non-State Armed Groups Linked to the Assad Regime, Mostly in the Governorates of Latakia, Tartus, and Hama, 11 March 2025, https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/R250305E-1.pdf, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Preliminary Report on the Violations that Took Place in the Wake of the Attacks Carried Out by Non-State Armed Groups Linked to the Assad Regime, Mostly in the Governorates of Latakia, Tartus, and Hama, 11 March 2025, https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/R250305E-1.pdf, accessed 3 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), SDF abducts a girl named Najma Sheikh Mohammad in Aleppo, April 20, 2025, 21 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/21/sdf-abducts-a-girl-named-najma-sheikh-mohammad-in-aleppo-april-20-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), SDF abducts a girl named Sulava Qader in Aleppo, April 10, 2025, 10 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/12/sdf-abducts-a-girl-named-sulava-qader-in-aleppo-april-10-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), SDF abducts a girl named Hanan Abdou in Aleppo, April 5, 2025, 5 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/08/sdf-abducts-a-girl-named-hanan-abdou-in-aleppo-april-5-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), SNHR Condemns the Attack on Hama’s Greek Orthodox Archdiocese by an ‘Armed Group’, and Calls on the Current Transitional Authorities to Ensure Accountability, 19 December 2024, https://snhr.org/blog/2024/12/19/snhr-condemns-the-attack-on-hamas-greek-orthodox-archdiocese-by-an-armed-group-and-calls-on-the-current-transitional-authorities-to-ensure-accountability/, accessed 29 April 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), SNHR Condemns the Intensified Attacks and Wide Ground Incursions by Israeli Occupation Forces into Syrian Territority [Blog], 5 April 2025, https://snhr.org/blog/2025/04/05/snhr-condemns-the-intensified-attacks-and-wide-ground-incursions-by-israeli-occupation-forces-into-syrian-territority/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), SNHR’s Monthly Report on Arrests/Detentions in Syria. At least 89 Arbitrary Arrests Recorded in Syria in April 2025, 3 May 2025, https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/M250502E.pdf, accessed 3 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Statement of Condemnation: The Attack by the Israeli Occupation near the Presidential Palace in Damascus Represents a Dangerous Escalation and a Blatant Violation of the Sovereignty of Syria, 6 May 2025, https://snhr.org/blog/2025/05/06/statement-of-condemnation-the-attack-by-the-israeli-occupation-near-the-presidential-palace-in-damascus-represents-a-dangerous-escalation-and-a-blatant-violation-of-the-sovereignty-of-syria/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), The bodies of Musa Yaqoub and Ali Hamada were found in the Zabadani area of Rif Dimashq Governorate on May 12, 2025, 19 May 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/05/19/the-bodies-of-musa-yaqoub-and-ali-hamada-were-found-in-the-zabadani-area-of-rif-dimashq-governorate-on-may-12-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), The body of Ali Hamada was Found in the Suburbs of Tartous Governorate on May 21, 2025, 23 May 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/05/23/the-body-of-ali-hamada-was-found-in-the-suburbs-of-tartous-governorate-on-may-21-2025/, accessed 23 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), The Death of 157 Civilian Including 20 Children and 11 Women, and One Death due to Torture Recorded in May 2025, 1 June 2025, https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/M250601E.pdf, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), The Death of 174 Civilian Including 23 Children and 13 Women, and 5 Deaths due to Torture Recorded in April 2025 in Syria, 2 May 2025, https://snhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/M250501E.pdf, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), The Syrian Democratic Forces kidnapped the child Ahmed Hamoudi for forced recruitment in the Sheikh Maqsoud neighborhood of Aleppo on May 5, 2025, 19 May 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/05/19/the-syrian-democratic-forces-kidnapped-the-child-ahmed-hamoudi-for-forced-recruitment-in-the-sheikh-maqsoud-neighborhood-of-aleppo-on-may-5-2025/, accessed 23 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), The Syrian Democratic Forces kidnapped the child Asaad Ali for forced conscription in Aleppo on May 7, 2025, 15 May 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/05/15/the-syrian-democratic-forces-kidnapped-the-child-asaad-ali-for-forced-conscription-in-aleppo-on-may-7-2025/, accessed 23 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Three children killed by a landmine of unidentified source in S. Idlib, March 7, 2025, 9 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/09/three-children-killed-by-a-landmine-of-unidentified-source-in-s-idlib-march-7-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Three children killed by a landmine of unidentified source in E. Daraa, March 18, 2025, 20 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/20/three-children-killed-by-a-landmine-of-unidentified-source-in-e-daraa-march-18-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Three civilians killed, fourth injured by a landmine blast in Latakia, April 18, 2025, 19 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/19/three-civilians-killed-fourth-injured-by-a-landmine-blast-in-latakia-april-18-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Three civilians were killed and another injured after being shot by unknown gunmen in the city of Azaz in the Aleppo countryside on May 7, 2025, 8 May 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/05/08/three-civilians-were-killed-and-another-injured-after-being-shot-by-unknown-gunmen-in-the-city-of-azaz-in-the-aleppo-countryside-on-may-7-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Three men killed by a landmine of unidentified source in E. Homs, March 9, 2025, 11 March 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/03/11/three-men-killed-by-a-landmine-of-unidentified-source-in-e-homs-march-9-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Two children killed, four others injured, by explosive remnant of war in Raqqa, April 20, 2025, 20 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/21/two-children-killed-four-others-injured-by-explosive-remnant-of-war-in-raqqa-april-20-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Two sibling engineers killed, third man injured, by unidentified gunmen in Rural Damascus, April 25. 2025, 28 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/28/two-sibling-engineers-killed-third-man-injured-by-unidentified-gunmen-in-rural-damascus-april-25-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Unidentified individuals desecrate George Church in Rural Damascus, April 6, 2025, 8 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/08/unidentified-individuals-desecrate-george-church-in-rural-damascus-april-6-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SNHR (Syrian Network for Human Rights), Woman killed, five others injured by a landmine in Homs, April 22, 2025, 26 April 2025, https://news.snhr.org/2025/04/26/woman-killed-five-others-injured-by-a-landmine-in-homs-april-22-2025/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Absence of law deterrence | 50 Alawite women missing since beginning of 2025, 18 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360201/?fbclid=IwY2xjawKSlEhleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETF1NUJEaUgyNW50WnNPT3VmAR7qbg_CfvzuxAcyTPA3Vm8iCCcazmZTHFTEf_hB4Upax5bp7sbRDnBPBAxqMA_aem_IEW7MNVK2ZKwmbaxfMDRWA, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Accused of “committing violations against civilians” | Officer of former regime army executed in northern Daraa, 3 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361177/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Affected by her injury | Woman dies following landmine explosion in Al-Raqqah countryside, 9 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361622/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), After being reported missing | Young man found shot dead and tortured in Al-Lattakia countryside, 29 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360921/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Al-Hasakah | Two armed attacks leave several people injured and security forces arrest two gunmen following clashes, 4 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359263/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Amid advancement into south Syria | Aerial and ground attacks by Israeli forces target positions in Latakia and Al-Quneitra, 27 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358710/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Amid escalating military movements | Israeli forces advance into village in middle countryside of Al-Quneitra, 9 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361600/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Amid threats to kill Christians – Maked men in military uniform attack alcoholic beverages store in Homs governorate, 5 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361322/, accessed 23 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Amid unknown fates | Two women go missing in Homs and Jabblah cities, 26 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358673/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Armed attack | Civilian injured in gunfire by unidentified gunmen in southern Al-Hasakah, 19 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358049/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Armed attack | Man shot dead in Aleppo countryside, 22 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/362473/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Armed attack | Member of general security forces killed in Daraa city, 4 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361248/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Armed attack | Two members of general security forces killed in Daraa countryside, 15 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359969/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Armed attack | Two young men killed in Tartus countryside, 21 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358222/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Bringing total death toll to four | Civilian dies of wounds following explosion of unexploded shell in western Daraa, 15 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359996/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Collecting unlicensed weapons | General security forces launch security campaign in Daraa countryside, 19 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360258/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Comprising armoured vehicles and machineries | Group of Israeli forces advance into western Daraa, 22 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358362/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Daraa | Landmine explosion kills child in eastern countryside, 13 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357691/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Death toll update | 10 civilians di*ed and injured in landmine explosion in Aleppo, 23 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360555/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Death toll update | Four people including a military combatant killed under Israeli airstrikes on Daraa, 17 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357974/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Death toll update | The number of fatalities in ambush on Al-Suwaidaa-Damascus highway increases to 45, 7 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361480/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Detained for 146 days | Ministry of defence refuses to disclose fate of detainees in Hama, Adra and Harem prisons, 6 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361458/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Family disputes | Young man injured in armed clashes between two families in Daraa, 16 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357862/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Fighter dies of wounds | Forces affiliated with General Security shell villages in Al-Suwaydaa, 4 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361290/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Following clashes left seven casualties, including civilians | Internal Security Forces launch security campaign in Daraa’s Al-Sanamayn, 5 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357207/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Following robbery attempt | Person killed by thieves inside his house in Al-Hasakah City, 25 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/362683/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Having been detained for over 100 days | SOHR calls for disclosing fate of thousands of prisoners in Adra, Harem and Hama prisons. 23 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358434/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Having been lured by unknown individuals | Member of Military Operations Administration assassinated in Al-Quneitra countryside, 8 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359487/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Heading to Hezbollah militiamen | Internal Security Forces seize truck carrying weapons in western Homs countryside, 13 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357673/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Horrible crime | Six people killed in attack by unidentified armed gunmen in Daraa., 8 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357405/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Including criminal suspect | General Security in Lattakia executes three civilians, 8 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359514/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Including officers of different ranks | 28 former military officers released from Adra Prison in Rif Dimashq, 20 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360400/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Including secretary in former Al-Baath Party | Five civilians arrested in Baniyas countryside, 30 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/363051/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), ISIS attack | Four members of SDF killed and injured in eastern Deir Ezzor countryside, 13 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359829/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Known for ties to Iran-backed activities | Body of Palestinian man found in Rif Dimashq, 31 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/363128/, accessed 23 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Landmine explosion | Civilian killed in Al-Quneitra countryside, 5 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361337/
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Landmine explosion | Member of “National Army” killed in east Aleppo countryside, 20 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360345/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Landmine explosion | Two civilians injured in Latakia countryside, 18 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360157/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Latakia | Masked men set fire to public and private properties in Jableh city, 18 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358040/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Mostly killed over sectarian affiliation | 144 civilians assassinated and executed in different areas across Syria in March, 6 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359407/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Murder crimes | 48 civilians killed in areas controlled by Damascus government since early March, 1 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359030/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), New attack | Gunmen attack military post of General Security forces in northern Daraa, leaving member injured, 1 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359048/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), New attack | Israeli forces put vital water station out of service in Al-Quneitra, 13 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361904/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), New attacks | Israeli fighter jets target 90th Brigade and destroy military equipment in Al-Quneitra, 10 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357519/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), New murder | Young man killed in armed clashes between two tribes in Daraa, 25 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358611/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), New murder crime | Uncertainty surrounds death of two young men in Qudsaya district in Rif Dimashq, 13 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357653/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | 12 civilians including a woman killed and injured in explosion of war remnants in Hama and Daraa, 9 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357464/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Child dies and civilian injured in explosion of war remnants in Idlib, 14 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357753/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Child dies affected by his injuries in northern Aleppo countryside, 12 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361865/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Child dies and another injured in explosion of war remnants in Al-Hasakah, 9 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359554/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian dies and five children injured in Aleppo and Qamishli, 8 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361569/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian dies and four others injured in landmine explosion in Al-Suwaydaa, 2 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361153/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian dies in explosion of war remnants in Daraa countryside, 29 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360911/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian injured in northern of Al-Raqqa in areas of “National Army”, 10 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359637/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian killed and another injured by landmine explosion in Idlib countryside, 11 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359656/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian killed in Al-Raqqah countryside, 19 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/362273/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian killed in northern Daraa countryside, 30 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358955/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian killed, while shepherding in southern Al-Raqqah countryside, 10 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359672/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian loses his foot in Hama and another sustain injuries in Al-Raqqah, 3 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359176/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Civilian dies in explosion of landmine in northern Aleppo countryside, 22 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358391/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Four civilians including two children injured in Homs, 9 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361612/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Four civilians killed and injured in Aleppo countryside, 23 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360545/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | One child dies and five injured in landmine explosion eastern of Deir Ezzor, 28 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/362924/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Person killed and another injured in landmine explosion in Al-Raqqa, 11 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359727/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Three civilians, including little girl, injured in eastern Aleppo countryside, 11 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361697/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Two young men killed by landmine explosion in Aleppo and Latakia, 22 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358364/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Two young men killed in east Aleppo countryside, 30 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358980/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Young man dies in landmine explosion in Aleppo countryside and two injured in Al-Raqqa, 4 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361292/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance | Young man seriously injured in southern Al-Hasakah countryside, 7 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361511/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Old ordnance| Child killed in Idlib countryside, 27 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/362801/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing escalation in Syrian airspace | Israeli forces shoot down three Iranian drones and shrapnel seriously injures woman in Daraa, 20 June 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/364544/, accessed 20 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing execution | Bodies of two young men found in Tartus countryside, 3 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359217/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing executions | Elderly man killed in gunfire by unknown gunmen in rural Jableh, 28 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360850/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing Israeli violations | Forces storm homes and school in Al-Qahtaniyah Village in Al-Quneitra, 22 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360500/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing Israeli violations | Israeli forces assault Syrian family and arrest father in Al-Quneitra countryside, 26 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360747/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing Israeli violations | Israeli forces place warning signs threaten Syrians near western Al-Quneitra, 25 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360660/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing retaliatory actions | Civilian from Alawite community executed in Tartus, 8 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359485/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing retaliatory actions | Three civilian executed in Baniyas and Latakia countryside, 27 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358775/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing security chaos | Three civilians kidnapped following raid on farm in Latakia countryside, 13 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357701/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing violations | Israeli forces bombard Tel Ahmar area and establish checkpoint in Al-Quneitra countryside, 31 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358988/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Ongoing violations | Israeli forces infiltrate a village in middle Al-Quneitra countryside, 8 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361573/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Providing no alternative housing | Factions threaten to forcibly evacuate residents of Al-Zahriyat housing in Damascus, 4 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361241/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Second attack in a few hours | ISIS cells attack civilian house in rural Deir Ezzor, 7 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361482/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Second incident today | Israeli forces advance into southern Al-Quneitra countryside, 8 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361577/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security chaos | Civilian executed in front of his family in Aleppo, 2 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/361161/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security chaos | Five civilians killed and injured in Al-Suwaydaa and armed clashes erupt in Daraa, 2 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357047/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security chaos | Girl evades being kidnapped by a gang in Lattakia, 20 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360409/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security chaos | Three civilians “field executed” in Tartous countryside, 14 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357757/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security chaos | Three former members of Military Intelligence Department killed by gunmen in Daraa, 4 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357177/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security chaos | Two civilians shot dead in Baniyas countryside, 4 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/359272/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security vacuum | Civilian shot dead by unidentified gunmen in Daraa countryside, 21 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360437/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security vacuum | Civilian shot dead in Al-Hasakah, 22 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/362456/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security vacuum | Girl kidnapped in Tartus city, 17 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360138/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security vacuum | Two civilians killed in Aleppo and Latakia, 20 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358220/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security vacuum | Young man shot dead in eastern Aleppo, 27 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/358744/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Security violations | Former Central Committee members assault civilians including women in Daraa, 26 April 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/360749/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), Threatening civilians’ lives | Fires break out in villages in Latakia countryside, 14 March 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/en/357736/, accessed 6 June 2025
SOHR (Syrian Observatory for Human Rights), بمخلفات الحرب.. استشهاد 3 مدنيين بينهم طفل في ريف الحسكة وريف ديرالزور [Three civilians, including a child, killed by remnants of war in rural Hasaka and Deir ez-Zor], 18 May 2025, https://www.syriahr.com/%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%80-%D9%80%D8%AE%D9%80-%D9%80%D9%84%D9%80-%D9%80%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF-3-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-2/761584/, accessed 6 June 2025
Startup Syria, Rising from the rubble, entrepreneurship in Syria Post-Assad, January 2025, https://report.startupsyria.org/Startup_Syria_Rising_From_Rubble.pdf , accessed 6 June 2025
STJ (Syrians for Truth & Justice), Mass Dismissals in Syria After the Regime’s Fall, 13 May 2025, https://stj-sy.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Mass-Dismissals-in-Syria-After-the-Regimes-Fall.pdf, accessed 6 June 2025
STJ (Syrians for Truth & Justice), STJ’s Contribution to the Call for Inputs: What are Minority Issues?, 5 May 2025, https://stj-sy.org/en/stjs-contribution-to-the-call-for-inputs-what-are-minority-issues, accessed 8 May 2025
STJ (Syrians for Truth & Justice), Syria/Afrin: Promises by Transitional Authorities to Restore Rights and End Violations Against Kurd, 11 April 2025, https://stj-sy.org/en/syria-afrin-promises-by-transitional-authorities-to-restore-rights-and-end-violations-against-kurds/, accessed 6 May 2025
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Syria TV, قسد تصعّد اعتقالاتها في دير الزور.. توقيف 45 شخصاً من دون تهم واضحة [SDF scales up arrests in Deir Ez-Zor, detaining 45 people without clear charges], 17 May 2025, https://www.syria.tv/%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B9%D9%91%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%81-45-%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%AD%D8%A9, accessed 6 June 2025
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