Common analysis

The contents of this part include:

• 1. General remarks

• 2. Actors of persecution or serious harm
    

• 2.1. Map: areas of control and influence

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  2.2. State actors

  • 2.2.1. Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) forces

  • 2.2.2. Federal Member States (FMS) forces and Somaliland forces

• 2.3. Non-State actors

  • 2.3.1. Al-Shabaab

  • 2.3.2. Clans and clan militias

  • 2.3.3. Other non-State actors

• 3. Refugee status

•  

  3.1. Persons associated with the government of Somalia and/or international actors

  • 3.1.1.    Federal and state officials

  • 3.1.2.    Members of the federal and state armed forces

  • 3.1.3.    Electoral delegates

  • 3.1.4.    Civilians perceived as ‘spies’ by Al-Shabaab

• 3.2.        Persons fearing forced recruitment by Al-Shabaab

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  3.3.        Deserters and defectors from Al-Shabaab

• 3.4.        Individuals refusing to pay ‘taxes’ to Al-Shabaab

• 3.5.        Humanitarian workers

• 3.6.        Journalists and other media workers

• 3.7.        Individuals (perceived as) contravening social or religious laws/tenets

  • 3.7.1.    Individuals (perceived as) contravening Sharia law in Al-Shabaab controlled areas

  • 3.7.2.    Individuals (perceived as) contravening religious (and customary) tenets outside Al-Shabaab controlled areas

• 3.8.        Individuals involved in clan disputes

• 3.9.        Persons belonging to minorities

  •   473.9.1.    Persons belonging to low status occupational minorities

  •   473.9.2.    Persons belonging to ethnic minorities

  •   493.9.3.    Persons belonging to groups specialised in Islamic services

  •   503.9.4.    Persons belonging to clans which can be considered minority groups in local contexts  51

  • 3.9.5.    Individuals in mixed marriages
      53

• 3.10.     Persons with diverse SOGIESC

•    543.11.     Women and girls

  •   553.11.1. Gender-based violence (GBV)

  •  563.11.2. Female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C)

  •  573.12.2.a. Women and girls who have not undergone FGM/C

  •    573.12.2.b. Women and girls who have undergone FGM/C

  •    593.11.3. Women and girls who have left Al-Shabaab

  •    603.11.4. Child marriage and forced marriage

  • 3.11.5. Single women and female heads of households

• 3.12. Children

  •    653.12.1. Violence against children

  • 3.12.2. Child recruitment by Al-Shabaab
       67

• 3.13. Persons living with disabilities and/or with severe medical issues
    69

• 3.14. Somalis who have resided for a long time in neighbouring countries or other countries in the region
   

• 4. Subsidiary protection
  • 4.1. Article 15(a) QD/QR: death penalty or execution
  • 4.2. Article 15(b) QD/QR: torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
  • 4.3. Article 15(c) QD/QR: indiscriminate violence in situations of armed conflict
• 5.  Actors of protection
  • 5.1. The State
  • 5.2. Parties or organisations, including international organisations
• 6. Internal protection alternative
  • Preliminary remarks
  • 6.1. Part of the country
  • 6.2. Safety
  • 6.3. Travel and admittance
  • 6.4. Reasonableness to settle
  • 6.5. General conclusion on the applicability of IPA
• 7. Exclusion
  • 7.1. Exclusion based on the commission of international crimes
  • 7.2. Exclusion based on the commission of a serious crime
  • 7.3. Exclusion based on acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations
  • 7.4. Exclusion based on constituting a danger to the community or to the security of the Member State