COMMON ANALYSIS
Last update: October 2025
The analysis below is based on the following EUAA COI reports: Actors 2021, 2.3.2., 3.2.1., 3.2.2.; Targeting 2021, 4.; Country Guidance should not be referred to as a source of COI.
Most Somalis rely on support from patrilineal clan relatives. Clans can provide different forms of support for their members. Inside the jilib, community must help individuals in case of smaller or larger problems, reaching as far as the mutilation or the murder of someone from another clan (blood price). Arrangements can also be made between clans for protection outside the clan.
Under the xeer system, clan elders act as mediators or arbiters, and play a central role in the resolution of local and intra-clan disputes.
For information with regard to support provided by clans, see 1.2. The role of clans in Somalia. For more information on the xeer system, see 5.1.1. The Somali State.
The support provided by clans in Somalia cannot be considered as meeting the requirements of Article 7 QD/QR11.
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CJEU, OA v Secretary of State for the Home Department, C-255/19, Second Chamber, judgment of 20 February 2021 (OA), https://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=236682&pageIndex=0&doclang=en&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=3564514.