Country Focus: Profiles and KSEI
Reference period 1 April 2023 – 31 March 2025
PART I: PROFILES
Profiles will be addressed building upon, expanding or updating the 2023 EUAA Report on Defection, Desertion and Disengagement from Al-Shabaab, the 2023 EUAA Query on Repeated FGM, and the 2021 EUAA Report on Targeted Profiles.
1. Recruitment and desertion/defection
1.1. Men, women, and child recruitment by Al-Shabaab
1.1.1. Repercussions for refusing to be recruited
1.1.2. Repercussions for deserters and defectors from Al-Shabaab
1.2. Men, (women), and child recruitment by other actors
1.2.1. Repercussions for refusing to be recruited
1.2.2. Repercussions for desertion
2. Women and girls
2.1. GBV, types, including domestic violence, prevalence and situation of women in the Somali society, including forced and child marriage
2.1.1. GBV and situation of women under Al-Shabaab, including forced and child marriage
2.1.1.1. Situation of women who left Al-Shabaab and repercussions for leaving Al-Shabaab
2.2. FGM and repeated FGM
2.2.1. FGM, forms, practices, performers and (extended) family’s role
2.2.2. Repeated FGM, forms and practices
2.2.3. Repercussions for refusing to undergo the practice
2.3. The situation of single and minority women, notably in IDP camps, or women and girls with lack of network support
3. Individuals contravening religious (and customary) laws/tenets
3.1. Individuals contravening religious laws in Al-Shabaab controlled areas (e.g. the issues of blasphemy and apostasy, including converts, extramarital relationships, individuals perceived as to have been influenced by foreign cultures etc.)
3.2. Individuals contravening religious (and customary) tenets elsewhere in Somalia (e.g., the issues of blasphemy and apostasy, religious minorities, etc.)
4. Minorities
4.1. Low Status Occupational Minorities
4.2. Minority clans
4.2.1. Minority clans/group in the local context
4.3. Clans specialised in religious services
4.4. Ethnic Minorities
4.5. Mixed-marriages, implications and sanctioning
5. Individuals involved in blood feuds/clan disputes and other clan issues
5.1. Mapping of major clan conflicts
5.2. Clan revenge and vulnerability in clan conflicts
5.2.1. For men
5.2.2. For women and girls
6. Individual supporting or perceived as supporting the FGS/the International Community, and/or as opposing Al-Shabaab
6.1. Civilian government and governance officials, district commissioners (2 pp)
6.2. Members of parliaments, clan and people representatives, clan elders, electoral delegates
6.3. Military personnel, including army officials, ATMIS/AUSSOM, FMS forces, clan militias, Macawisley and others
6.4. Other individuals opposing or perceived as opposing Al-Shabaab, including human rights defenders, humanitarian/NGO personnel, etc.
7. Journalists
7.1. Media freedom and general situation
7.2. Journalists’ main syndicates, protection and remedies
7.3. Treatment and targeting
7.4. Situation in Al-Shabaab controlled areas
8. LGBTIQ+
8.1. Legal framework
8.2. Societal attitude and treatment by the state
8.3. Treatment in Al-Shabaab controlled areas
9. Somalis who have resided long in neighbouring countries or other countries in the region (namely in Kenya, Ethiopia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, UAE)
9.1. Background and distinctions (elite, lower status, long-term and short-term)
9.2. Situation and treatment upon return
10. Individuals who have to pay ‘taxes’ to Al-Shabaab or militias
10.1. Repercussions for refusing to pay ‘taxes’ to Al-Shabaab or for paying taxes to others
10.2. Repercussions for refusing to pay ‘taxes’ to others
PART II: SOCIO-ECONOMIC KEY INDICATORS – SOMALIA
The socio-economic key indicators in three locations – Mogadishu, Garowe, and Hargeisa - will be addressed building upon and updating the 2021 EUAA Report on Key socio-economic indicators.
Mogadishu
1. Mogadishu’s overview
1.1. Demographics and clan composition/distribution
1.2. Humanitarian situation overview
2. Mobility and accessibility
2.1. Mogadishu airport and flight connections
2.2. Internal mobility, including checkpoints
2.3. Accessing and settling in the city
2.4. Documents and procedures for accessing and settling in the city
(including security aspects, screening of returnees, control procedures, ID requirements)
3. Socio-economic indicators
3.1. Economic overview and food security
3.2. Housing and shelter
3.3. Hygiene, water and sanitation
3.4. Health care
3.5. Education for children
3.6. Means of basic subsistence and employment
4. Social protection networks and (lack of) support to specific groups
4.1. Clan based protection
4.2. Returnees and vulnerable groups
The same structure applies to Hargeisa and Garowe.