Home COI Report - Somalia: Country Focus 1. Profiles 1.9. Somalis who have resided for a long time in neighbouring countries or other countries in the region Table of Contents Acknowledgements Disclaimer Glossary and abbreviations Introduction Methodology Defining the terms of reference Collecting information Quality control Sources Structure and use of the report Note on transliteration Clan maps Maps 1. Profiles 1.1. Recruitment and desertion/defection 1.1.1. Recruitment of men, women, and children by Al-Shabaab 1.1.2. Recruitment of men, women and children by other actors 1.2. Women and girls 1.2.1. Gender based violence (GBV), types, prevalence and situation of women in the Somali society, including forced and child marriage 1.2.2. FGM/C and repeated FGM/C 1.2.3. The situation of single and minority women, notably in IDP camps, or women and girls with lack of network support 1.3. Individuals contravening Sharia (and customary) laws/tenets 1.3.1. Individuals contravening Sharia law in Al-Shabaab controlled areas 1.3.2. Individuals contravening religious (and customary) tenets elsewhere in Somalia 1.4. Minorities 1.4.1. Low Status Occupational Minorities 1.4.2. Ethnic minorities 1.4.3. Minority clans 1.4.4. Clans specialised in Islamic services 1.4.5. Mixed-marriages, implications and sanctioning 1.5. Individuals involved in blood feuds/clan disputes and other clan issues 1.5.1. Mapping of major clan conflicts/feuds 1.5.2. Clan revenge and vulnerability in clan conflicts 1.6. Individual supporting or perceived as supporting the FGS/the International Community, and/or as opposing Al-Shabaab 1.6.1. Civilian government and governance officials, district commissioners 1.6.2. Members of parliaments, clan and people representatives, electoral delegates 1.6.3. Military personnel, including army officials, FMS forces, clan elders and militia members 1.6.4. Other individuals opposing or perceived as opposing Al-Shabaab 1.7. Journalists 1.7.1. Journalists’ main syndicates, protection and remedies 1.7.2. Treatment and targeting 1.7.3. Situation in Al-Shabaab controlled areas 1.8. LGBTIQ+ 1.8.1. Legal framework 1.8.2. Societal attitude and treatment by the state 1.8.3. Treatment in Al-Shabaab controlled areas 1.9. Somalis who have resided for a long time in neighbouring countries or other countries in the region 1.9.1. Background and distinctions 1.9.2. Situation and treatment upon return 1.10. Individuals who have to pay ‘taxes’ to Al-Shabaab or other groups and militias 1.10.1. Repercussions for refusing to pay ‘taxes’ to Al-Shabaab or for paying taxes to others 1.10.2. Repercussions for refusing to pay taxes to ‘others’ 2. Socio-economic situation in Mogadishu, Hargeisa, and Garowe 2.1. Mogadishu 2.1.1. Overview 2.1.2. Mobility and accessibility 2.1.3. Socioeconomic indicators 2.1.4. Social support networks and availability of support to specific groups 2.2. Hargeisa 2.2.1. Overview 2.2.2. Mobility and accessibility 2.2.3. Socioeconomic indicators 2.2.4. Social support networks, including for specific groups 2.3. Garowe 2.3.1. Overview 2.3.2. Mobility and accessibility 2.3.3. Socioeconomic indicators 2.3.4. Social support networks and availability of support to specific groups Annex 1: Bibliography Annex 2: Terms of Reference Citation Please cite as: EUAA, '1.9. Somalis who have resided for a long time in neighbouring countries or other countries in the region ' in COI Report - Somalia: Country Focus, May 2025. Copy Share Print 1.9.1. Background and distinctions 1.9.2. Situation and treatment upon return Book traversal links for 1.9. Somalis who have resided for a long time in neighbouring countries or other countries in the region Previous Parent Next
