The Russian Federation: Country Focus
Country of Origin Information Report (December 2025)
The report outlines recent developments in Russia, focusing on legal mechanisms used to suppress dissent. It examines how the authorities treat various political and social groups—such as opposition figures, activists, protesters, journalists, human rights defenders, religious minorities, LGBTIQ persons, and women. The report also details the structure of military service, covering conscription, contractual military service, and penalties for desertion. The information gathered is a result of research using public, specialised paper-based and electronic sources until 1 November 2025. Some limited additional information was added during the finalisation of this report in response to feedback received during the quality control process, until 15 November 2025.