Annex 1: Bibliography
Oral sources, including anonymous sources
Adeyinka S., online interview with EUAA, 16 July 2025. Dr Sarah Adeyinka is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Amsterdam, with extensive expertise on trafficking in human beings and sexual and gender-based violence research among people in situations of vulnerability, particularly refugees and asylum seekers. She is also the founder and board chair of CoCreate VZW (Belgium) and CoCreate Humanitarian Aid Foundation (Nigeria), NGOs that provide training and consultancy services to anti-trafficking organisations, caregivers, and first-line responders in Belgium and Nigeria. CoCreate also provides support victims of trafficking in partnership with organisations on ground in Nigeria and Italy.
Nigerian senior security advisor, online interview with EUAA, 30 July 2025. The source works for an international research organisation monitoring conflict dynamics across the world. The source wished to remain anonymous for security and operational reasons.
Nwoha R., online interview with EUAA, 18 July 2025. Roland Nwoha is the Country Director at IRARA Nigeria, an NGO with headquarters in Benin city (Edo State) that provides support, including temporary accommodation and reintegration assistance to returnees. IRARA Nigeria is also an implementing partner of the Frontex Reintegration Programme.
Omaiboje M., email communication with EUAA, 8 July 2025. Morenike Omaiboje is a director at Women's Consortium of Nigeria (WOCON), an NGO with headquarters in Lagos, providing support to women survivors of violence and trafficking, including returnees.
Pratten D., email communication with EUAA, 29 July 2025. David Pratten is an Associate Professor in the Social Anthropology of Africa at University of Oxford. His research is based on a long-term engagement with Annang villagers in south-eastern Nigeria and focuses on themes of history, violence and the state. The focus of his initial work was an historical ethnography of colonialism which focused on the events surrounding a series of mysterious deaths in south-eastern Nigeria during the late 1940s. More recently his research has examined issues of youth, democracy and disorder in post-colonial Nigeria with a particular focus on vigilantism and new masquerade performances.
Senior representative at NCFRMI, online interview with EUAA, 6 August 2025. The National Commission for Refugees, Migrants and Internally Displaced Persons (NCFRMI) is the Federal Government Agency mandated to provide assistance and durable solutions for IDPs, refugees, migrants, asylum seekers, stateless persons and returnees.
SEYP, email communication with EUAA, 25 September 2025. The Society for the Empowerment of Young Persons (SEYP) is an NGO providing support and shelter services to male and female victims of trafficking. It is located in Benin city, Edo state.