Public sources

Public sources

+964, Activist arrests spark protests in Nasiriyah as demonstrators clash with police, 13 October 2024, https://en.964media.com/26153/, accessed 15 August 2025

+964, Arrest made in Abu Ghraib – Iraq’s counter-terrorism forces destroy ISIS hideouts in Diyala, Salah Al-Din, 19 August 2024, https://en.964media.com/23515/, accessed 11 August 2025

+964, Baghdad: Rusafa police arrest man for ‘overseeing begging ring’, 27 February 2025, https://en.964media.com/33082/, accessed 29 May 2025

+964, Boy shot dead by PMF gunman in Kirkuk village, residents say, 10 June 2025, https://en.964media.com/36824/, accessed 11 August 2025

+964, Clashes erupt between tribes in Wasit, security forces arrest several in Sheikh Saad, 7 October 2024, https://en.964media.com/25818/, accessed 15 August 2025

+964, Explosion kills two Iraqi officers, injures two in Kirkuk’s Dubz district, 5 September 2024, https://en.964media.com/24311/, accessed 11 August 2025

+964, Joint Peshmerga-Iraqi army brigade deployed to secure ISIS stronghold, 28 September 2024, https://en.964media.com/25311/, accessed 11 August 2025

+964, Protester killed, two Injured in clashes over water disputes in Wasit, 8 December 2024, https://en.964media.com/28794/, accessed 15 August 2025

+964, 'Public decency', Iraqi TikToker arrested for ‘indecent content’ amid social media crackdown, 22 August 2024, https://en.964media.com/23664/, accessed 22 July 2025

+964, Ten arrested after tribalclash in Basra’s Tamimiya neighborhood, 7 June 2025, https://en.964media.com/36745/, accessed 15 August 2025

+964, Turkish shelling hits Amedi villages during Friday prayers, 21 June 2025, https://en.964media.com/37237/, accessed 11 August 2025

+964, Two suspected ISIS members arrested in operations across Sulaymaniyah, Salah al-Din, 22 March 2025, https://en.964media.com/34096/, accessed 11 August 2025

+964, بعد مقتل أحد عناصر سرايا السلام - بالفيديو: قوات الأمن تداهم منزل قيادي في عصائب أهل الحق في البصرة [After the killing of a Saraya Al-Salam member – Video: Security forces raid house of a leader of AAH in Basrah], 25 May 2025, https://964media.com/555768/, accessed 11 August 2025

ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project), Curated Data Files, Middle East, as of 1 August 2025, https://acleddata.com/curated/data-middle-east, accessed 5 August 2025z

Airwars, Methodology, n.d., https://airwars.org/about/methodology/, accessed 11 August 2025

Airwars, Turkish military in Iraq & Syria, as of 23 June 2025, https://airwars.org/conflict/turkish-military-in-iraq-and-syria/?start_date=2024-08-01, accessed 11 August 2025

Al Jazeera, Forgotten generations: Palestinians in Iraq mourn their homeland, via YouTube, Al Jazeera English channel, 13 January 2024, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7T6mm4r09Is, accessed 15 August 2025

Al Jazeera, Iraq frees over 19,000 prisoners under new amnesty, including some ex-ISIL, 13 May 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/13/iraq-frees-over-19000-prisoners-under-new-amnesty-including-some-ex-isil, accessed 15 August 2025

Al Juboori, Ruaa, Empowerment through technology: domestic violence acceptance among Iraqi women in an intersectional context, in: BMC Womens Health, November 2024, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11536579/pdf/12905_2024_Article_3426.pdf, accessed 29 July 2025

Al Majalla, How Arabs and Kurds are sidelining Iraq's Turkmen community, 10 October 2024, https://en.majalla.com/node/322560/politics/how-arabs-and-kurds-are-sidelining-iraqs-turkmen-community, accessed 15 August 2025

Al Monitor, Iraq's prohibition zeal threatens Baghdad's boozy subculture, 21 December 2024, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/12/iraqs-prohibition-zeal-threatens-baghdads-boozy-subculture, accessed 5 August 2025

Al Jazeera, Arab League calls for funds to rebuild Gaza at summit in Baghdad, 17 May 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/5/17/gaza-likely-to-dominate-agenda-as-arab-league-meets-in-baghdad, accessed 11 August 2025

Al Jazeera, Gunfight in Baghdad kills one as paramilitary group storms ministry, 27 July 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/27/gunfight-in-baghdad-leaves-one-dead-as-paramilitary-group-storms-ministry, accessed 11 August 2025

Al Jazeera, How will the PKK’s disarmament play out in the region?, 15 July 2025, https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2025/7/15/how-will-the-pkks-disarmament-play-out-in-the-region, accessed 11 August 2025

Al Jazeera, Iraq’s parliament elects new speaker, ending yearlong deadlock, 1 November 2024, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/11/1/iraqs-parliament-elects-new-speaker-ending-yearlong-deadlock, accessed 11 August 2025

Al Jazeera, Ruling KDP in Kurdish region of northern Iraq wins delayed elections, 30 October 2024, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/10/30/iraqi-kurdistans-ruling-party-kdp-wins-delayed-election, accessed 11 August 2025

Al Jazeera, كركوك على مفترق طرق.. التعداد السكاني هل يعمّق الخلافات أم يحلها؟ [Kirkuk at a crossroads- will the population census deepen the divisions or solve them?], 9 November 2024, https://www.aljazeera.net/politics/2024/11/9/%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%83%d9%88%d9%83-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%87%d9%84, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Araji, H. et al., The Fatemiyoun/Zainabiyoun Influx: Iraq’s Intensified Hosting of Two U.S.-Designated Terrorist Groups, TWI (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy), 11 February 2025, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/fatemiyounzainabiyoun-influx-iraqs-intensified-hosting-two-us-designated-terrorist, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Hurra, Iraqi Militias Mobilize as Iran-Israel Tensions Reignite Talk of "Unified Front", 21 June 2025, https://middleeastbroadcastingnetworks.substack.com/p/iraqi-militias-mobilize-as-iran-israel, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Kaabi, A., Game On: Sadr and the Iraqi "Resistance" Clash Over State Control of Arms, TWI (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy), 17 July 2025, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/game-sadr-and-iraqi-resistance-clash-over-state-control-arms, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Kuraiti, Fadhil Abbas Sabah, Montazeri, Bahram, Jiad, Khalid Oleiwi, Agharebparast, Mohammadreza, Civil and Political Rights of Minorities in Iraq After 2003, in: Interdisciplinary Studies in Society, Law, and Politics, 1 January 2025, https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.isslp.4.1.3, accessed 15 August 2025

Alhadla, B., Iraqi Parliament and Child Marriage: Iraqi Child Rights from One Tight Spot to Another, TWI (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy), 4 September 2024, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/iraqi-parliament-and-child-marriage-iraqi-child-rights-one-tight-spot-another , accessed 11 August 2025

Almaalomah, الحشد الشعبي ينفذ عملية أمنية في كركوك لتأمين أجواء محرم [PMF carry out security operation in Kirkuk to secure Muharram], 1 July 2025, https://almaalomah.me/news/103245/security/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B0-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Mirbad, إصابة شخصين بنزاع عشائري مسلح في قلعة صالح [Two persons wounded in armed tribal clash in Qalaat Salih], 6 August 2024, https://www.al-mirbad.com/detail/164320, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Mirbad, مقتل مواطن وإصابة آخر إثر نزاع عشائري جنوب ميسان [One civilian killed and another injured in tribal dispute in southern Missan], 18 February 2025, https://www.al-mirbad.com/detail/175807, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Monitor, Iran president makes 'historic' visit to Iraqi Kurdistan, 12 September 2024, https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/09/iran-president-makes-historic-visit-iraqi-kurdistan, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Okabi, Salah Dagher, العشائري الفصل معنى [the meaning of tribal fasl] [Online video], 5 May 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ffwbF4jFmCk, accessed 15 August 2025

Al-Rubaie, A., Population Census in Iraq: A Step Towards Future Development or Imminent Political Conflict?, TWI (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy), 28 November 2024, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/population-census-iraq-step-towards-future-development-or-imminent-political, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Rubaie, A., Under the Pretext of "Morality": Morality Rhetoric and Freedom of Expression in Iraq, TWI (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy), 15 June 2025, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/under-pretext-morality-morality-rhetoric-and-freedom-expression-iraq, accessed 15 August 2025

Al-Sumaria, اعتقال عنصرين بارزين بـ"داعش" في كركوك [Arrest of two prominent ISIL members in Kirkuk], 4 June 2025, https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/security/528750/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%80%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Sumaria, الأسايش: اعتقال عناصر من "داعش" وتدمير أوكار لهم [Asayish: ISIL members arrested and their hideouts destroyed], 6 May 2025, https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/security/525379/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%87%D9%85, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Sumaria, اندلاع نيران في منازل سكنية اثر نزاع عشائري ببغداد [Tribal conflict in Baghdad causes fire in homes], 7 May 2025, https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/security/525498/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84-%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF, accessed 11 August 2025

Al-Sumaria, ديالى.. اصابة 3 عناصر من "الصحوة" بانفجار عبوة [Diyala – IED injured three tribal mobilisation members], 25 April 2025, https://www.alsumaria.tv/news/security/523898/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-3-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A9, accessed 11 August 2025

AI (Amnesty International), Daunting and Dire: Impunity, Underfunded Institutions Undermine Protection of Women and Girls From Domestic Violence in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, 3 July 2024, https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/MDE1481622024ENGLISH.pdf, accessed 29 May 2025

AI (Amnesty International), Iraq: Authorities must immediately reverse media ban on the terms “homosexuality” and “gender”, 9 August 2023, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/08/iraq-authorities-must-immediately-reverse-media-ban-on-the-terms-homosexuality-and-gender/#:~:text=Iraq%3A%20Authorities%20must%20immediately%20reverse,and%20%E2%80%9Cgender%E2%80%9D%20-%20Amnesty%20International, accessed 21 July 2025

AI (Amnesty International), Iraq: Five years after Tishreen protests, impunity reigns supreme, 30 September 2024, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/09/iraq-five-years-after-tishreen-protests-impunity-reigns-supreme/, accessed 15 August 2025

AI (Amnesty International), Iraq: Lawmakers must ensure that new law does not unduly restrict freedoms of expression and peaceful assembly, 1 August 2025, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/08/iraq-lawmakers-must-ensure-that-new-law-does-not-unduly-restrict-freedoms-of-expression-and-peaceful-assembly/, accessed 15 August 2025

AI (Amnesty International), Iraq: People held in Al-Jed’ah Centre subjected to torture and enforced disappearance after arrests – new investigation, 29 October 2024, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/10/iraq-people-held-in-al-jedah-centre-subjected-to-torture-and-enforced-disappearance-after-arrests-new-investigation/, accessed 15 August 2025

AI (Amnesty International), Iraq: Reigning Impunity, Amnesty International: Submission to The 48th Session of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) Working Group, January – February 2025, July 2024, https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/MDE1480872024ENGLISH.pdf, accessed 15 August 2025

AI (Amnesty International), The State of the World's Human Rights: Iraq 2024, 29 April 2025,

https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/middle-east/iraq/report-iraq/, accessed 15 August 2025

Amwaj.media, ‘Facebook sheikhs’ in focus as Iraqi lawmakers probe ‘blood money’, 29 August 2024, https://amwaj.media/en/media-monitor/facebook-sheikhs-in-focus-as-iraqi-lawmakers-probe-blood-money, accessed 15 August 2025

Amwaj.media, Clashes in Iraqi Kurdistan show power of tribes acting outside state control, 17 July 2025, https://amwaj.media/en/media-monitor/clashes-in-iraqi-kurdistan-show-power-of-tribes-acting-outside-state-control, accessed 15 August 2025

Amwaj.media, Multi-ethnic Kirkuk rocked by clashes as Kurdish farmers claim land ownership, 25 February 2025, https://amwaj.media/en/media-monitor/multi-ethnic-kirkuk-rocked-by-clashes-as-kurdish-farmers-claim-land-ownership, accessed 11 August 2025

Amwaj.media, Parliamentary ‘horse-trading’ over divisive laws sparks backlash in Iraq, 29 January 2025, https://amwaj.media/en/media-monitor/parliamentary-horse-trading-over-divisive-laws-sparks-backlash-in-iraq, accessed 15 August 2025

Amwaj.media, Shiite pilgrimage in Iraq marred by tribal violence, army-PMU clash, 23 August 2024, https://amwaj.media/en/media-monitor/tribal-tensions-and-violence-challenge-arbaeen-security-efforts, accessed 11 August 2025

Amwaj.media, Stepped-up repatriation of ‘IS families’ presents opportunities, risks for Iraq, 5 March 2025, https://amwaj.media/en/article/stepped-up-repatriation-of-is-families-presents-opportunities-risks-for-iraq, accessed 15 August 2025

AA (Anadolu Agency), Sandstorm sweeps Iraq, hospitalizes over 3,700 people, 15 April 2025, https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/sandstorm-sweeps-iraq-hospitalizes-over-3-700-people/3538822, accessed 15 August 2025

AOAV (Action on Armed Violence), Explosive Violence Monitor 2024, 21 May 2025, https://aoav.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/Explosive-Violence-Monitor-2024-3.pdf, accessed 11 August 2025

AOAV (Action on Armed Violence), What do we do?, n.d., https://aoav.org.uk/acting-on-weapons/key-work/, accessed 11 August 2025

AP (Associated Press), Clashes break out at protests over arrested activists in southern Iraq, 18 October 2024, https://apnews.com/article/iraq-protests-arrests-nasiriyah%20activists-tishreen-a454a61c1747738cb56aa0ff5fd1c49a, accessed 15 August 2025

AP (Associated Press), Drone attacks on oil fields in Iraq’s Kurdish region shut down facilities, 16 July 2025, https://apnews.com/article/iraq-oil-field-kurdistan-drone-attack-ccf0db3e1f9844b48c6e4463d83b14bb, accessed 15 August 2025

AP (Associated Press), Iraq’s displaced Kurds hope to return home after Turkey’s Kurdish militants declare a ceasefire, 2 March 2025, https://apnews.com/article/turkey-pkk-iraq-kurds-displaced-ca7ec82c08506c5f8683ad2076e65b65, accessed 11 August 2025

AP (Associated Press), Iraq’s prime minister seeks closer US ties while keeping armed groups at bay, 29 July 2025, https://apnews.com/article/iraq-sudani-interview-iran-israel-pmf-76f33efb8a903361b01eaed6b96ec040, accessed 11 August 2025

AP (Associated Press), Iraq’s top court suspends new legislation that activists say undermines women’s rights, 5 February 2025, https://apnews.com/article/iraq-court-suspends-laws-child-marriage-d0c47a8afa05a800cefd4d689a08087e, accessed 14 May 2025

AP (Associated Press), Iraqi oil field on fire after drone strike during attacks in Kurdish region, 15 July 2025, https://apnews.com/article/iraq-oil-field-drone-strike-hkn-7f00523af694254b43079ea0511d5278, accessed 11 August 2025

AP (Associated Press), Iraqi women fear rise in child marriages as lawmakers consider giving conservative clerics more say, 4 September 2024, https://www.ap.org/news-highlights/spotlights/2024/iraqi-women-fear-rise-in-child-marriages-as-lawmakers-consider-giving-conservative-clerics-more-say/, accessed 29 May 2025

AP (Associated Press), Passage of harsh anti-LGBTQ+ law in Iraq draws diplomatic backlash, 28 April 2024, https://apnews.com/article/iraq-lgbtq-law-85e5e55cde7a581631c484ad83b0773c, accessed 21 July 2025

AP (Associated Press), Ten years on, many Yazidis uprooted by Islamic State onslaught struggle to find stable homes, 29 July 2024, https://apnews.com/article/yazidis-returning-home-islamic-state-onslaught-iraq-ddbc0ba91d98d84e46fbac8fb6626b46, accessed 15 August 2025

Arab Center Washington DC, Pragmatism Shapes Iraq’s Position Toward Post-Assad Syria, 1 July 2025, https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/pragmatism-shapes-iraqs-position-toward-post-assad-syria/, accessed 11 August 2025

Arab News, Five killed in Turkish strikes on PKK allies: Iraqi local sources, 25 October 2024, https://www.arabnews.com/node/2576762/middle-east, accessed 11 August 2025

Arab News, Iraq imposes new fees on social media influencers in latest crackdown on digital content, 27 March 2025, https://www.arabnews.com/node/2595059/media, accessed 22 July 2025

Arab Weekly (The), Iraqi amnesty law could set free terrorism convicts, prisoners who fought Americans, 25 January 2025, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqi-amnesty-law-could-set-free-terrorism-convicts-prisoners-who-fought-americans, accessed 15 August 2025

Arab Weekly (The), Iraqi Kurdistan faces two-pronged legal challenge to autonomy amid US-Iran showdown, 27 May 2025, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqi-kurdistan-faces-two-pronged-legal-challenge-autonomy-amid-us-iran-showdown, accessed 11 August 2025

Arab Weekly (The), Iraqi returnees from Syria’s al-Hol camp face uphill task reintegrating society, 14 July 2025, https://thearabweekly.com/iraqi-returnees-syrias-al-hol-camp-face-uphill-task-reintegrating-society, accessed 15 August 2025

Arab Weekly (The), Militias defy Baghdad’s warnings as drone attacks on Kurdistan’s oil facilities persist, 29 July 2025, https://thearabweekly.com/militias-defy-baghdads-warnings-drone-attacks-kurdistans-oil-facilities-persist, accessed 11 August 2025

Arif, Reem Zeyad, Tribes and Democracy in Iraq—Are Iraqi Tribes a Steppingstone on the Path to Democracy?, Open Journal of Political Science, 16 January 2025, https://www.scirp.org/pdf/ojps2025151_151672407.pdf, accessed 15 August 2025

ARIJ, The graveyards of "unknown women", 10 March 2025, https://arij.net/investigations/perpetrators-evade-justice/en/, accessed 23 July 2025

Article19, Iraq : Balgh platform marks two years as a tool of repression, 16 January 2025, https://www.article19.org/resources/iraq-balgh-platform-marks-two-years-as-tool-of-repression/, accessed 22 July 2025

Article19, Iraq: MPs must propose substantive amendments to draft right to information law, 13 September 2024, https://www.article19.org/resources/iraq-mps-must-propose-substantive-amendments-draft-right-to-information-law/, accessed 15 August 2025

Asharq Al-Awsat, Iraq’s PMF Reinforces Deployment on Border with Syria, 19 March 2025, https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5123465-iraq%E2%80%99s-pmf-reinforces-deployment-border-syria%C2%A0, accessed 11 August 2025

Asharq Al-Awsat, Two killed in Iraq clashes after activist given prison term, 20 October 2024, https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5072897-widespread-protests-southern-iraq-over-arrest-activists, accessed 15 August 2025

Atlantic Council, Legalizing child marriage in Iraq: Stepping back from the brink, 8 April 2025, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/legalizing-child-marriage-in-iraq-stepping-back-from-the-brink/, accessed 15 August 2025

Baker Institute for Public Policy, Iraq’s Electricity Shortage and the Paradox of Gas Flaring, 17 June 2025, https://www.bakerinstitute.org/research/iraqs-electricity-shortage-and-paradox-gas-flaring, accessed 15 August 2025

Baghdad Today, ارتفاع حصيلة انفجار المجر الكبير إلى مقتل وإصابة 8 أشخاص [Death toll from large explosion in Al-Majar rises to 1 dead and 8 wounded], 19 April 2025, https://baghdadtoday.news/272485-8.html, accessed 11 August 2025

Baghdad Today, إصابة طفل بانفجار لغم عنقودي جنوبي ذي قار [Child wounded in cluster mine explosion in southern Thi-Qar], 1 March 2025, https://baghdadtoday.news/268941-%D8%A5%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1.html, accessed 11 August 2025

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Shafaq News, Eid al-Adha salary standoff: Kurds criticize Baghdad over unpaid wages, 1 June 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Kurdish-rage-over-withheld-salaries-mounts-ahead-of-Eid-al-Adha, accessed 11 August 2025

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Shafaq News, Iraq: ISIS hideouts destroyed, senior leader captured in Al-Anbar, 28 February 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Iraq-ISIS-hideouts-destroyed-senior-leader-captured-in-Al-Anbar, accessed 11 August 2025

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Shafaq News, Iraq’s forgotten children: Orphans of war left to scavenge for survival, 14 February 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Report/Iraq-s-forgotten-children-Orphans-of-war-left-to-scavenge-for-survival, accessed 4 June 2025

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Shafaq News, Iraq’s Saraya Al-Salam “on alert” following Diyala headquarters rocket attack: Source, 17 November 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Iraq-s-Saraya-Al-Salam-on-alert-following-Diyala-headquarters-rocket-attack-Source, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Iraq’s Shadow Cities: Inside the rise of informal settlements across the nation, 24 May 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/society/Iraq-s-Shadow-Cities-Inside-the-rise-of-informal-settlements-across-the-nation, accessed 15 August 2025

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Shafaq News, Iraqi army launches joint security operation in Kirkuk, 6 October 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Iraqi-army-launches-joint-security-operation-in-Kirkuk, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Iraqi army takes full control of ISIS stronghold in Kirkuk, 10 June 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Security/Iraqi-army-takes-full-control-of-ISIS-stronghold-in-Kirkuk, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Iraqi Christian bloc condemns alcohol ban, warns of drug proliferation, 18 November 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Iraqi-Christian-bloc-condemns-alcohol-ban-warns-of-drug-proliferation, accessed 22 July 2025

Shafaq News, Iraqi Counter-Terrorism launches operation against ISIS in Kirkuk, 20 June 2025, https://www.shafaq.com/en/Security/Iraqi-Counter-Terrorism-launches-operation-against-ISIS-in-Kirkuk, accessed 11 August 2025

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Shafaq News, Iraqi forces launch security sweep in Mosul, 7 June 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Security/Iraqi-forces-launch-security-sweep-in-Mosul, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Iraqi lawmakers push to elevate PMF to ministry status, 5 May 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Iraqi-lawmakers-push-to-elevate-PMF-to-ministry-status, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Iraqi Military Intelligence seize weapons and IED manufacturing facility in Diyala, 24 October 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Iraqi-Military-Intelligence-seize-weapons-and-IED-manufacturing-facility-in-Diyala, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Iraq's children face alarming crisis: rising labor, violence, and legal gaps, 24 November 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Report/Iraq-s-children-face-alarming-crisis-rising-labor-violence-and-legal-gaps, accessed 28 May 2025

Shafaq News, Iraq's controversial census: exclusion of sect and ethnicity raises concerns, 29 July 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Report/Iraq-s-controversial-census-exclusion-of-sect-and-ethnicity-raises-concerns, accessed 15 August 2025

Shafaq News, Iraq's human rights decline, freedoms face clear threats, says rights center, 10 December 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Al-Nakheel-Center-Iraq-s-human-rights-decline-freedoms-face-clear-threats, accessed 15 August 2025

Shafaq News, Iraq's population count finalized, province breakdown coming, 24 February 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Iraq-s-population-count-finalized-province-breakdown-coming, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, ISIS attack claims shepherd’s life in Iraq’s Al-Anbar, 15 May 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Security/ISIS-attack-claims-shepherd-s-life-in-Iraq-s-Al-Anbar, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, ISIS crackdown: Iraq arrests three suspects, destroys multiple hideouts, 13 April 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/ISIS-crackdown-Iraq-arrests-three-suspects-destroys-multiple-hideouts, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, ISIS hideout busted in Iraq’s Diyala, 28 May 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Security/ISIS-hideout-busted-in-Iraq-s-Diyala, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Joint Operations Command confirms killing 4 militants between Saladin and Kirkuk, 31 January 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Joint-Operations-Command-confirms-killing-4-militants-between-Salah-Al-Din-and-Kirkuk, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Landmine blast kills 4, injures 2 in Iraq’s Basra desert, 8 February 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Landmine-blast-kills-4-injures-2-in-Iraq-s-Basra-desert, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Landmine kills shepherd in Kurdistan Region, 28 June 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Landmine-kills-shepherd-in-Kurdistan-Region, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Operation Claw-Lock: Turkiye hits PKK cave in northern Iraq, 21 April 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Operation-Claw-Lock-Turkiye-hits-PKK-cave-in-northern-Iraq, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Operation in Makhmour: Iraqi, Kurdish forces hunt ISIS remnants, 12 May 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Security/Operation-in-Makhmour-Iraqi-Kurdish-forces-hunt-ISIS-remnants, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Pentagon reaffirms Iraq withdrawal timeline, 3 June 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/EXCLUSIVE-Pentagon-reaffirms-Iraq-withdrawal-timeline, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Peshmerga rescue shepherds abducted by ISIS near Tuz-Khurmatu, 19 February 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Peshmerga-rescue-shepherds-abducted-by-ISIS-near-Tuz-Khurmatu, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Peshmerga: Kurdish Colonel among victims of deadly attack in Iraq, 17 November 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Peshmerga-Explosion-hit-a-convoy-during-an-operation-against-ISIS-in-Saladin, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, PMF conducts border security operation on Iraqi-Syrian border, 13 January 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/PMF-conducts-border-security-operation-on-Iraqi-Syrian-border, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Protests in Iraq’s Sinjar: Locals threaten escalation over YBS detainees, 25 March 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Protests-in-Iraq-s-Sinjar-Locals-threaten-escalation-over-YBS-detainees, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Religion in Iraq: Heritage of civilization or a catalyst for conflict?, 18 February 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Report/Religion-in-Iraq-Heritage-of-civilization-or-a-catalyst-for-conflict, accessed 15 August 2025

Shafaq News, Revitalizing Iraq's education system: a path to stability and prosperity, 13 July 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Report/Revitalizing-Iraq-s-education-system-a-path-to-stability-and-prosperity, accessed 28 May 2025

Shafaq News, Sanctuary under strain: Minorities hold on in Iraq’s Kurdistan, 22 March 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Report/Sanctuary-under-strain-Minorities-hold-on-in-Iraq-s-Kurdistan, accessed on 20 August 2025

Shafaq News, Seven injured, mostly children, in war remnant explosion in Basra, 11 February 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Seven-injured-mostly-children-in-war-remnant-explosion-in-Basra, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, SOURCE: Iraq absorbs 20,000 fighters into PMF, 28 April 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/SOURCE-Iraq-absorbs-20-000-fighters-into-PMF, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Source: Iraq’s Al-Anbar police set to take over security, including sites held by armed factions, 9 January 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Source-Iraq-s-Al-Anbar-police-set-to-take-over-security-including-sites-held-by-armed-factions, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Terrorist cells in Diyala: Iraq launches major operation to restore stability, 21 April 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Terrorist-cells-in-Diyala-Iraq-launches-major-operation-to-restore-stability, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Tribal clash north of Nasiriyah: four injured, sheikh’s home burned, 9 August 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Tribal-clash-north-of-Nasiriyah-four-injured-sheikh-s-home-burned, accessed 15 August 2025

Shafaq News, Tribal clashes in Maysan and Wasit leave two dead, six injured, 30 August 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Tribal-clashes-in-Maysan-and-Wasit-leave-two-dead-six-injured, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Turkish drone targets Sinjar Resistance Units vehicle in northern Iraq, 10 November 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Turkish-drone-targets-Sinjar-Resistance-Units-vehicle-in-northern-Iraq, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Turkish shelling ignites farms in Duhok, 17 June 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Turkish-shelling-ignites-farms-in-Duhok, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Turkish shelling sparks wildfires in Kurdistan’s Duhok, 26 June 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Turkish-shelling-sparks-wildfires-in-Kurdistan-s-Duhok, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, UN and experts: water pollution crisis threatening Iraq’s rivers and millions of lives, 8 November 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/UN-and-experts-water-pollution-crisis-threatening-Iraq-s-rivers-and-millions-of-lives, accessed 15 August 2025

Shafaq News, Unprecedented Turkish expansion in Iraq with 40 bases, MP warns, 4 February 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Iraq/Unprecedented-Turkish-expansion-in-Iraq-with-40-bases-MP-warns, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, USAID's fall, Iraq's call, losses appal, 2 April 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Report/USAID-s-fall-Iraq-s-call-losses-appal, accessed 15 August 2025

Shafaq News, War remnants haunt Iraq as Basra leads in contamination, 11 April 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Report/War-remnants-haunt-Iraq-as-Basra-leads-in-contamination, accessed 11 August 2025

Shafaq News, Years of care, then goodbye: abandoned Iraqi sisters find new home, 3 March 2025, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Years-of-care-then-goodbye-abandoned-Iraqi-sisters-find-new-home, accessed 4 June 2025

Shafaq News, Yezidi woman's testimony haunts 10th anniversary of genocide: two daughters chose suicide over enslavement, 3 August 2024, https://shafaq.com/en/Kurdistan/Yezidi-woman-s-testimony-haunts-10th-anniversary-of-genocide-two-daughters-chose-suicide-over-enslavement, accessed 15 August 2025

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