Introduction

The purpose of this report is to provide relevant information for the assessment of applications for international protection, including refugee status and subsidiary protection. Moreover, the report is intended to inform the update of EUAA’s country guidance on Somalia (2025).

The report provides an update on and mapping of the security situation at both country and regional level, namely for the 18 administrative regions foreseen by the Somali provisional constitution as they existed before 1991.2 The report builds upon preceding EUAA COI reports, notably the Somalia: Security Situation from February 2023,3 but also Somalia: Security Situation,4 Actors,5 Targeted profiles,6 and Key socio-economic indicators,7 which were published in the period July-September 2021.

The report provides an overview of the main security trends and conflict dynamics at country level in the reference period (1 April 2023 - 30 March 2025). Additionally, the report provides an update on the main changes regarding state and non-state (armed) actors and their control areas or presence during the same reporting period. For the full overview of these actors see the report on Somalia: Actors.8 Finally, the report engages with conflict dynamics and security developments at the regional level. In this section, it provides information about incidents and their impact on civilian life, including conflict related-humanitarian issues.