Annex 2: Terms of Reference

Reference period 1 April 2023 – 31 March 2025. The security situation will be addressed building upon, integrating and updating the 2023 EUAA report and query on the security situation in Somalia.

• 1.    General description of the security situation in Somalia
  1.1.    Recent political and security developments 
  1.2.   Armed actors 
           1.2.1.    Territorial control map
           1.2.2.    Al-Shabaab control areas, presence, and influence
           1.2.3.    Updated list of main actors building upon previous reports (2021, 2023)
           1.2.4.    Other armed actors
  1.3.    Layers of conflict 
  1.4.    Recent overall security trends 
            1.4.1.    Security incidents, estimated civilian fatalities and casualties
            1.4.2.    Conflict-related displacement
            1.4.3.    Other impacts on civilian life (e.g. infrastructure damage, evictions, access to health, access to food)
  1.5.    Criminality 
  1.6.    Death penalty, arbitrary arrests and detentions, corporal punishments, prison conditions 
  1.7.    Checkpoints and road security in Somalia 
   
• 2.    Regional security situation and trends
  2.1.    Jubbaland
           2.1.1.    Gedo (3 pp)
                      2.1.1.1.    Background
                      2.1.1.2.    Actors’ presence and conflict dynamics
                                    2.1.1.2.1.    Al-Shabaab control areas, presence and influence, along with other actors
                                    2.1.1.2.2.    Conflict dynamics
                                    2.1.1.3.    Recent security trends
                                    2.1.1.3.1.    Security incidents, estimated civilian fatalities and casualties
                                    2.1.1.3.2.    Illustrative security incidents
                                    2.1.1.3.3.    Conflict-related displacement
                                    2.1.1.3.4.    Other impacts on civilian life (e.g. infrastructure damage, evictions, 
                                                      access to health, access to food)
             2.1.2.    Middle Juba [same structure as for Gedo] 
             2.1.3.    Lower Juba [same...] 
             2.1.4.    Jubbaland - Checkpoints and road security 

     2.2.    South-West State
     2.3.    Benadir and Mogadishu
     2.4.    Hirshabelle
     2.5.    Galmudug
     2.6.    Puntland
     2.7.    Sool, Sanaag and SSC-Khatumo
     2.8.    Somaliland

The same structure will apply to all (18) administrative regions of Somalia and to all federal member states, including Somaliland. The contested regions between Somaliland and Puntland - Sool and Sanaag, including SSC-Khatumo (newly established autonomous administration) - will be addressed in a separate section.