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2.3. Political developments

2.3.1. Political violence in the context of the 2026 elections

2.4. International legal instruments

3. Security situation

3.1. Main armed and criminal groups

3.1.1. Autodefensas Gaitanistas de Colombia (AGC)

3.1.2. Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN)

3.1.3. Frente Comuneros del Sur (FCS)

3.1.4. Estado Mayor de Bloques y Frentes (EMBF)

3.1.5. Coordinadora Nacional Ejército Bolivariano (CNEB)

3.1.6. Autodefensas Conquistadoras de la Sierra Nevada (ACSN)

3.1.7. Organised crime gangs

3.2. Conflict dynamics and main areas of dispute

3.2.1. Catatumbo, Norte de Santander

3.2.2. Southern Bolívar

3.2.3. Lower Cauca River region in Antioquia

3.2.4. Arauca

3.2.5. Pacific coastal areas of Nariño, Cauca, Valle del Cauca, and Chocó

3.3. Peace initiatives

3.3.1. 2016 FARC-EP Peace Agreement

3.3.2. 'Total Peace' Plan

3.4. State response

4. Impact of the violence on civilians and human rights

4.1. Conflict-related violence

4.1.1. Overview

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