Home Belarus: Political Opposition and Dissent Maps Table of contents Table of Contents Acknowledgements Disclaimer Glossary and abbreviations Introduction Methodology Defining the terms of reference Collecting information Quality control Sources Structure and use of the report Terminology Maps 1. Country overview 1.1. System of governance 1.1.1. Executive branch and the presidency 1.1.2. Legislative branch and local governance 1.1.3. Political parties 1.2. The 2020 protests 1.3. State control over information and culture 1.4. International sanctions and accountability 2. State practices affecting civic space 2.1. Human rights context 2.1.1. Freedom of expression 2.1.2. Freedom of peaceful assembly and association 2.2. Use of the legal system against government critics 2.2.1. Scope of politically motivated prosecutions 2.2.2. Anti-extremism and anti-terrorism laws 2.2.3. Criminal and administrative prosecution 2.3. Access to identity documentation 3. Law enforcement and justice system 3.1. Security apparatus 3.1.1. Operational methods and surveillance 3.1.2. Border control upon return 3.2. Administration of justice 3.2.1. Court system and prosecution practices 3.2.2. Fair trial guarantees and access to legal counsel 3.2.3. Trials in absentia 3.2.4. The death penalty 3.3. Treatment of political prisoners in detention 3.3.1 Forced psychiatric treatment 4. Treatment of selected profiles and groups of the population 4.1. Political opponents, including perceived political opponents 4.2. Protesters 4.3. Journalists and media workers 4.4. Human rights defenders and lawyers 4.4.1. Human rights defenders 4.4.2. Lawyers 4.5. Former political prisoners 4.6. Relatives of activists and (former) political prisoners 4.7. LGBTIQ+ persons and activists Annex 1: Bibliography Oral sources, including anonymous sources Public sources Annex 2: Terms of Reference Citation Please cite as: EUAA, 'Maps' in Belarus: Political Opposition and Dissent, June 2026. Copy Print Map . Belarus3 3UN Geospatial, Map No. 3776 Rev.3, 1 January 2004, url Book traversal links for Belarus: Political Opposition and Dissent Previous Parent Next
