In accordance with EUAA COI methodology, a range of different published documentary sources have been consulted on relevant topics for this report. These include: academic publications, think tank reports, and specialised sources covering Somalia; COI reports by governments; information from civil society and NGOs; reports produced by various bodies of the United Nations; Somali and regionally-based media.
In addition to using publicly available documentary sources, multiple oral sources were contacted for this report. The types of oral sources contacted include: scholars, international experts, development practitioners, and local experts based in Somalia, Mogadishu with reliable knowledge of the situation on the ground. Some sources who were interviewed chose to remain anonymous for security reasons. Sources were assessed for their background, publication history, reputability, and current ground-level knowledge. They were interviewed in the period March – May 2026. All oral sources are described in the Bibliography.