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3.12.1. Violence against children: overview

3.12.2. Child labour and trafficking in children

3.12.3. Child recruitment

3.12.4. Education of children and girls in particular

3.12.5. Children born under ISIL rule who lack civil documentation

3.12.6. Children without a care-taker

4. Subsidiary protection

4.1. Article 15(a) QD/QR: death penalty or execution

4.2. Article 15(b) QD/QR: torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

4.3. Article 15(c) QD/QR: indiscriminate violence in situations of armed conflict

Preliminary remarks

4.3.1. Armed conflict (international or internal)

4.3.2. Qualification of a person as a ‘civilian’

4.3.3. Indiscriminate violence

a) Security situation in Iraq: recent events

b) Assessment of indiscriminate violence per governorate

4.2.3. Criminal violence

4.2.2. Arbitrary arrests, illegal detention and prison conditions

4.2.1. Healthcare and socio-economic conditions

3.1.1. Individuals with perceived ISIL affiliation

4.3.4. Serious and individual threat

4.3.5. Qualification of the harm as ‘threat to (a civilian’s) life or person

4.3.6. Nexus/’by reason of’

5. Actors of protection

5.1. The State

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